Improve the position of the breakpoint to be set at a line of code that
is less likely to be optimised out by the compiler. Setting the breakpoint
at a place that can be easily optimised out by the compiler will cause the
gdb script to fail as it cannot match the source code line to the
compiled code. For this reason the breakpoint is now set at the fclose()
call which is very unlikely to be optimised out or there might be a
resource leak.
The gdb script loads the programs/test/zeroize program and feeds it as
imput its own source code. Then sets a breakpoint just before the last
program's return code and checks that every element in memory was
zeroized. Otherwise it signals a failure and terminates.
The test was added to all.sh.
The specification requires that numbers are the raw entropy (except for odd/
even) and at least 2^(nbits-0.5). If not, new random bits need to be used for
the next number. Similarly, if the number is not prime new random bits need to
be used.
Conflict resolution:
* ChangeLog
* tests/data_files/Makefile: concurrent additions, order irrelevant
* tests/data_files/test-ca.opensslconf: concurrent additions, order irrelevant
* tests/scripts/all.sh: one comment change conflicted with a code
addition. In addition some of the additions in the
iotssl-1381-x509-verify-refactor-restricted branch need support for
keep-going mode, this will be added in a subsequent commit.
The relevant ASN.1 definitions for a PKCS#8 encoded Elliptic Curve key are:
PrivateKeyInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
version Version,
privateKeyAlgorithm PrivateKeyAlgorithmIdentifier,
privateKey PrivateKey,
attributes [0] IMPLICIT Attributes OPTIONAL
}
AlgorithmIdentifier ::= SEQUENCE {
algorithm OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
parameters ANY DEFINED BY algorithm OPTIONAL
}
ECParameters ::= CHOICE {
namedCurve OBJECT IDENTIFIER
-- implicitCurve NULL
-- specifiedCurve SpecifiedECDomain
}
ECPrivateKey ::= SEQUENCE {
version INTEGER { ecPrivkeyVer1(1) } (ecPrivkeyVer1),
privateKey OCTET STRING,
parameters [0] ECParameters {{ NamedCurve }} OPTIONAL,
publicKey [1] BIT STRING OPTIONAL
}
Because of the two optional fields, there are 4 possible variants that need to
be parsed: no optional fields, only parameters, only public key, and both
optional fields. Previously mbedTLS was unable to parse keys with "only
parameters". Also, only "only public key" was tested. There was a test for "no
optional fields", but it was labelled incorrectly as SEC.1 and not run because
of a great renaming mixup.
Only delete things that we expect to find, to avoid deleting other
things that people might have lying around in their build tree.
Explicitly skip .git to avoid e.g. accidentally matching a branch
name.
All options can now be overridden by a subsequent option, e.g.
"all.sh --foo --no-foo" is equivalent to "all.sh --no-foo". This
allows making wrapper scripts with default options and occasionally
overriding those options when running the wrapper script.
Previously, the idling loop in ssl_server2 didn't check whether
the underlying call to mbedtls_net_poll signalled that the socket
became invalid. This had the consequence that during idling, the
server couldn't be terminated through a SIGTERM, as the corresponding
handler would only close the sockets and expect the remainder of
the program to shutdown gracefully as a consequence of this.
This was subsequently attempted to be fixed through a change
in ssl-opt.sh by terminating the server through a KILL signal,
which however lead to other problems when the latter was run
under valgrind.
This commit changes the idling loop in ssl_server2 and ssl_client2
to obey the return code of mbedtls_net_poll and gracefully shutdown
if an error occurs, e.g. because the socket was closed.
As a consequence, the server termination via a KILL signal in
ssl-opt.sh is no longer necessary, with the previous `kill; wait`
pattern being sufficient. The commit reverts the corresponding
change.
The UDP tests involving the merging of multiple records into single
datagrams accumulate records for 10ms, which can be less than the
total flight preparation time if e.g. the tests are being run with
valgrind.
This commit increases the packing time for the relevant tests
from 10ms to 50ms.
The 'critical' boolean can be set to false in two ways:
- by leaving it implicit (test data generated by openssl)
- by explicitly setting it to false (generated by hand)
This covers all lines added in the previous commit. Coverage was tested using:
make CFLAGS='--coverage -g3 -O0'
(cd tests && ./test_suite_x509parse)
make lcov
firefox Coverage/index.html # then visual check
Test data was generated by taking a copy of tests/data_files/crl-idp.pem,
encoding it as hex, and then manually changing the values of some bytes to
achieve the desired errors, using https://lapo.it/asn1js/ for help in locating
the desired bytes.
Found by running:
CC=clang cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="Check"
tests/scripts/depend-pkalgs.pl
(Also tested with same command but CC=gcc)
Another PR will address improving all.sh and/or the depend-xxx.pl scripts
themselves to catch this kind of thing.
* development: (557 commits)
Add attribution for #1351 report
Adapt version_features.c
Note incompatibility of truncated HMAC extension in ChangeLog
Add LinkLibraryDependencies to VS2010 app template
Add ChangeLog entry for PR #1382
MD: Make deprecated functions not inline
Add ChangeLog entry for PR #1384
Have Visual Studio handle linking to mbedTLS.lib internally
Mention in ChangeLog that this fixes#1351
Add issue number to ChangeLog
Note in the changelog that this fixes an interoperability issue.
Style fix in ChangeLog
Add ChangeLog entries for PR #1168 and #1362
Add ChangeLog entry for PR #1165
ctr_drbg: Typo fix in the file description comment.
dhm: Fix typo in RFC 5114 constants
tests_suite_pkparse: new PKCS8-v2 keys with PRF != SHA1
data_files/pkcs8-v2: add keys generated with PRF != SHA1
tests/pkcs5/pbkdf2_hmac: extend array to accommodate longer results
tests/pkcs5/pbkdf2_hmac: add unit tests for additional SHA algorithms
...
Build with MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_REMOVED and MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_WARNING
separately.
Do these builds with `-O -Werror -Wall -Wextra` to catch a maximum of
issues while we're at it. Do one with gcc and one with clang for
variety. This caught an uninitialized variable warning in cmac.c that
builds without -O didn't catch.
Disabled by default, needs OpenSSL >= 1.1.1 - tested locally with 1.1.1-pre1
Local version of OpenSSL was compiled with:
./config --prefix=$HOME/usr/openssl-1.1.1-pre1 -Wl,--enable-new-dtags,-rpath,'$(LIBRPATH)'
make
make install
With OpenSSL 1.1.1-pre1, two ciphersuites were incorrectly skipped,
but this has since been fixed in OpenSSL master, see:
https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/5406
Conflict: configs/config-picocoin.h was both edited and removed.
Resolution: removed, since this is the whole point of PR #1280 and the
changes in development are no longer relevant.
Extend the pkparse test suite with the newly created keys
encrypted using PKCS#8 with PKCS#5 v2.0 with PRF being
SHA224, 256, 384 and 512.
Signed-off-by: Antonio Quartulli <antonio@openvpn.net>
We now have support for the entire SHA family to be used as
PRF in PKCS#5 v2.0, therefore we need to add new keys to test
these new functionalities.
This patch adds the new keys in `tests/data_files` and
commands to generate them in `tests/data_files/Makefile`.
Note that the pkcs8 command in OpenSSL 1.0 called with
the -v2 argument generates keys using PKCS#5 v2.0 with SHA1
as PRF by default.
(This behaviour has changed in OpenSSL 1.1, where the exact same
command instead uses PKCS#5 v2.0 with SHA256)
The new keys are generated by specifying different PRFs with
-v2prf.
Signed-off-by: Antonio Quartulli <antonio@openvpn.net>
Some unit tests for pbkdf2_hmac() have results longer than
99bytes when represented in hexadecimal form.
For this reason extend the result array to accommodate
longer strings.
At the same time make memset() parametric to avoid
bugs in the future.
Signed-off-by: Antonio Quartulli <antonio@openvpn.net>
Test vectors for SHA224,256,384 and 512 have been
generated using Python's hashlib module by the
following oneliner:
import binascii, hashlib
binascii.hexlify(hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac(ALGO, binascii.unhexlify('PASSWORD'), binascii.unhexlify('SALT'), ITER, KEYLEN)))
where ALGO was 'sha224', 'sha256', 'sha384' and 'sha512'
respectively.
Values for PASSWORD, SALT, ITER and KEYLEN were copied from the
existent test vectors for SHA1.
For SHA256 we also have two test vectors coming from RFC7914 Sec 11.
Signed-off-by: Antonio Quartulli <antonio@openvpn.net>
Currently only SHA1 is supported as PRF algorithm for PBKDF2
(PKCS#5 v2.0).
This means that keys encrypted and authenticated using
another algorithm of the SHA family cannot be decrypted.
This deficiency has become particularly incumbent now that
PKIs created with OpenSSL1.1 are encrypting keys using
hmacSHA256 by default (OpenSSL1.0 used PKCS#5 v1.0 by default
and even if v2 was forced, it would still use hmacSHA1).
Enable support for all the digest algorithms of the SHA
family for PKCS#5 v2.0.
Signed-off-by: Antonio Quartulli <antonio@openvpn.net>
1. Style issues fixes - remove redundant spacing.
2. Remove depency of `MBEDTLS_RSA_C` in `pk_parse_public_keyfile_rsa()`
tests, as the function itself is dependent on it.
Build with MBEDTLS_HAVE_INT32 and MBEDTLS_HAVE_INT64 on all
architectures, not just x86_64. These two modes should work on all
platforms (except embedded environments where 64-bit division is not
available).
Also run the unit tests.
Correct the description: this is not "N-bit compilation", but "N-bit
bignum limbs".
This change fixes a problem in the tests pk_rsa_alt() and
pk_rsa_overflow() from test_suite_pk.function that would cause a
segmentation fault. The problem is that these tests are only designed
to run in computers where the SIZE_MAX > UINT_MAX.
Change function in tests named mbedtls_entropy_func to
mbedtls_test_entropy_func to avoid getting error from the linker when
calling the mbedtls_entropy_func elsewhere.
The _ext suffix suggests "new arguments", but the new functions have
the same arguments. Use _ret instead, to convey that the difference is
that the new functions return a value.
If lsof is not available, wait_server_start uses a fixed timeout,
which can trigger a race condition if the timeout turns out to be too
short. Emit a warning so that we know this is going on from the test
logs.
- Some of the CI machines don't have lsof installed yet, so rely on an sleeping
an arbitrary number of seconds while the server starts. We're seeing
occasional failures with the current delay because the CI machines are highly
loaded, which seems to indicate the current delay is not quite enough, but
hopefully not to far either, so double it.
- While at it, also double the watchdog delay: while I don't remember seeing
much failures due to client timeout, this change doesn't impact normal
running time of the script, so better err on the safe side.
These changes don't affect the test and should only affect the false positive
rate coming from the test framework in those scripts.
Conflict resolution:
* ChangeLog: put the new entries in their rightful place.
* library/x509write_crt.c: the change in development was whitespace
only, so use the one from the iotssl-1251 feature branch.
1) `mbedtls_rsa_import_raw` used an uninitialized return
value when it was called without any input parameters.
While not sensible, this is allowed and should be a
succeeding no-op.
2) The MPI test for prime generation missed a return value
check for a call to `mbedtls_mpi_shift_r`. This is neither
critical nor new but should be fixed.
3) Both the RSA keygeneration example program and the
RSA test suites contained code initializing an RSA context
after a potentially failing call to CTR DRBG initialization,
leaving the corresponding RSA context free call in the
cleanup section of the respective function orphaned.
While this defect existed before, Coverity picked up on
it again because of newly introduced MPI's that were
also wrongly initialized only after the call to CTR DRBG
init. The commit fixes both the old and the new issue
by moving the initializtion of both the RSA context and
all MPI's prior to the first potentially failing call.
- Adapt the change in all.sh to the new keep-going mode
- Restore alphabetical order of configuration flags for
alternative implementations in config.h and rebuild
library/version_features.c
Compilation and test for the `MBEDTLS_RSA_NO_CRT` option were
previously guarded by a check for 64-bit systems, for which there
is no reason. This commit moves both outside of the guard.
* development:
all.sh: add some documentation
all.sh: new option --no-armcc
all.sh: add --yotta to go with --no-yotta
all.sh: --keep-going mode
all.sh: cleaned up usage output
all.sh: indent
* public/pr/1207:
all.sh: add some documentation
all.sh: new option --no-armcc
all.sh: add --yotta to go with --no-yotta
all.sh: --keep-going mode
all.sh: cleaned up usage output
all.sh: indent
* development:
Timing self test: shorten redundant tests
Timing self test: increased duration
Timing self test: increased tolerance
Timing unit tests: more protection against infinite loops
Unit test for mbedtls_timing_hardclock
New timing unit tests
selftest: allow excluding a subset of the tests
selftest: allow running a subset of the tests
selftest: refactor to separate the list of tests from the logic
Timing self test: print some diagnosis information
mbedtls_timing_get_timer: don't use uninitialized memory
timing interface documentation: minor clarifications
Timing: fix mbedtls_set_alarm(0) on Unix/POSIX
* public/pr/1136:
Timing self test: shorten redundant tests
Timing self test: increased duration
Timing self test: increased tolerance
Timing unit tests: more protection against infinite loops
Unit test for mbedtls_timing_hardclock
New timing unit tests
selftest: allow excluding a subset of the tests
selftest: allow running a subset of the tests
selftest: refactor to separate the list of tests from the logic
Timing self test: print some diagnosis information
mbedtls_timing_get_timer: don't use uninitialized memory
timing interface documentation: minor clarifications
Timing: fix mbedtls_set_alarm(0) on Unix/POSIX
* Correct order of sections in ChangeLog
* Restore unintentionally removed whitespace and
formatting improvements.
* Consistently rename MBEDTLS_ERR_RSA_EXPORT_UNSUPPORTED
to MBEDTLS_ERR_RSA_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION in rsa.h
documentation.
During the work on the RSA change the issue was brought up,
and a fix was provided on development, that some RSA tests
use CTR DRBG and depend on the presence of a strong entropy
source to succeed. The RSA work introduced more tests using
CTR DRBG, and the dependency needs to be added for them, too.
Add --keep-going mode to all.sh. In this mode, if a test fails, keep
running the subsequent tests. If a build fails, skip any tests of this
build and move on to the next tests. Errors in infrastructure, such as
git or cmake runs, remain fatal. Print an error summary at the end of
the run, and return a nonzero code if there was any failure.
In known terminal types, use color to highlight errors.
On a fatal signal, interrupt the run and report the errors so far.
If timing_timer_simple fails because it detects that timers are likely
to never expire (e.g. going backward or not incrementing), skip all
tests that rely on timers.
Do test mbedtls_timing_hardclock. We can't reliably test much about
it, but at least test that it doesn't crash, isn't constant, and
doesn't look completely random.
New set of unit tests for the timing module, instead of just running
the selftest function.
The selftest function sometimes fails on a heavily loaded
machine (such as a typical continuous integration system). Because of
the all-in-one nature of the test and because the exact load pattern
can be hard to reproduce, it is difficult to diagnose failures of CI
runs with selftest. The new tests are more separated and I strove to
point out potential failure modes in comments.
* mbedtls_timing_hardclock: not tested. This function gives so few
guarantees that there isn't much to test, and it is hard to test
reliably because clock cycles don't easily relate to time in any
remotely portable way. This function isn't used in the library
anyway, it's only there for benchmark programs.
* mbedtls_timing_get_timer: tested by setting a timer and verifying
that it reaches its target, and by verifying that a timer started
later than another always has a smaller elapsed time.
* mbedtls_set_alarm: tested by setting an alarm, busy-waiting for it
and measuring the elapsed time with a timer.
* mbedtls_timing_set_delay, mbedtls_timing_get_delay: tested by
setting a delay object and watching it go through its two delay
values, using a timer to check that the delays are passed at the
expected time.
The tests pass under light to moderate load, but some of them can be
defeated with sufficiently heavy load. This is unavoidable since the
test process to be effectively suspended for any length of time,
making us think that a timer has gone on for too long.
* development:
Don't split error code description across multiple lines
Register new error code in error.h
Move deprecation to separate section in ChangeLog
Extend scope of ERR_RSA_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION error code
Adapt RSA test suite
Adapt ChangeLog
Deprecate usage of RSA primitives with wrong key type
* restricted/pr/397:
Don't split error code description across multiple lines
Register new error code in error.h
Move deprecation to separate section in ChangeLog
Extend scope of ERR_RSA_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION error code
Adapt RSA test suite
Adapt ChangeLog
Deprecate usage of RSA primitives with wrong key type
Port wait_server_start from ssl-opt.sh to compat.sh, instead of just
using "sleep 1". This solves the problem that on a heavily loaded
machine, sleep 1 is sometimes not enough (we had CI failures because
of this). This is also faster on a lightly-loaded machine (execution
time reduced from ~8min to ~6min on my machine).
In wait_server_start, fork less. When lsof is present, call it on the
expected process. This saves a few percent of execution time on a
lightly loaded machine. Also, sleep for a short duration rather than
using a tight loop.
Add a DTLS small packet test for each of the following combinations:
- DTLS version: 1.0 or 1.2
- Encrypt then MAC extension enabled
- Truncated HMAC extension enabled
Large packets tests for DTLS are currently not possible due to parameter
constraints in ssl_server2.
This commit ensures that there is a small packet test for at least any
combination of
- SSL/TLS version: SSLv3, TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1 or TLS 1.2
- Stream cipher (RC4) or Block cipher (AES)
- Usage of Encrypt then MAC extension [TLS only]
- Usage of truncated HMAC extension [TLS only]
Noticed that the test cases in ssl-opt.sh exercising the truncated HMAC
extension do not depend on MBEDTLS_SSL_TRUNCATED_HMAC being enabled in
config.h. This commit fixes this.
Previously, MAC validation for an incoming record proceeded as follows:
1) Make a copy of the MAC contained in the record;
2) Compute the expected MAC in place, overwriting the presented one;
3) Compare both.
This resulted in a record buffer overflow if truncated MAC was used, as in this
case the record buffer only reserved 10 bytes for the MAC, but the MAC
computation routine in 2) always wrote a full digest.
For specially crafted records, this could be used to perform a controlled write of
up to 6 bytes past the boundary of the heap buffer holding the record, thereby
corrupting the heap structures and potentially leading to a crash or remote code
execution.
This commit fixes this by making the following change:
1) Compute the expected MAC in a temporary buffer that has the size of the
underlying message digest.
2) Compare to this to the MAC contained in the record, potentially
restricting to the first 10 bytes if truncated HMAC is used.
A similar fix is applied to the encryption routine `ssl_encrypt_buf`.
For a key of size 8N+1, check that the first byte after applying the
public key operation is 0 (it could have been 1 instead). The code was
incorrectly doing a no-op check instead, which led to invalid
signatures being accepted. Not a security flaw, since you would need the
private key to craft such an invalid signature, but a bug nonetheless.
The check introduced by the previous security fix was off by one. It
fixed the buffer overflow but was not compliant with the definition of
PSS which technically led to accepting some invalid signatures (but
not signatures made without the private key).
Fix buffer overflow in RSA-PSS signature verification when the hash is
too large for the key size. Found by Seth Terashima, Qualcomm.
Added a non-regression test and a positive test with the smallest
permitted key size for a SHA-512 hash.
1) use `pk_get_rsapubkey` instead of reimplementing the parsing
2) rename the key files, according to their type and key size
3) comment in the data_files/Makefile hoe the keys were generated
4) Fix issue of failure parsing pkcs#1 DER format parsing, missed in previous commit
This commit adds regression tests for the bug when we didn't parse the
Signature Algorithm extension when renegotiating. (By nature, this bug
affected only the server)
The tests check for the fallback hash (SHA1) in the server log to detect
that the Signature Algorithm extension hasn't been parsed at least in
one of the handshakes.
A more direct way of testing is not possible with the current test
framework, since the Signature Algorithm extension is parsed in the
first handshake and any corresponding debug message is present in the
logs.
The test case parses an RSA private key with N=P=Q=D=E=1 and expects a failure from the PK layer. With the weakened
semantics of `mbedtls_rsa_complete`, the latter won't throw an error on that key in case if MBEDTLS_RSA_NO_CRT is
set. This commit modifies the test case to use N=2 which is rejected by `mbedtls_rsa_complete` regardless of whether
MBEDTLS_RSA_NO_CRT is set or not.
The number of loop iterations per candidate in `mbedtls_deduce_primes` was off
by one. This commit corrects this and removes a toy non-example from the RSA
test suite, as it seems difficult to have the function fail on small values of N
even if D,E are corrupted.
This commit adds regression tests for the bug when we didn't parse the
Signature Algorithm extension when renegotiating. (By nature, this bug
affected only the server)
The tests check for the fallback hash (SHA1) in the server log to detect
that the Signature Algorithm extension hasn't been parsed at least in
one of the handshakes.
A more direct way of testing is not possible with the current test
framework, since the Signature Algorithm extension is parsed in the
first handshake and any corresponding debug message is present in the
logs.
This commit splits off the RSA helper functions into separate headers and
compilation units to have a clearer separation of the public RSA interface,
intended to be used by end-users, and the helper functions which are publicly
provided only for the benefit of designers of alternative RSA implementations.
The tests now accept two result parameters, one for the expected result of the
completion call, and one for the expected result of the subsequent sanity
check.
DTLS records from previous epochs were incorrectly checked against the
current epoch transform's minimal content length, leading to the
rejection of entire datagrams. This commit fixed that and adapts two
test cases accordingly.
Internal reference: IOTSSL-1417
It seems that tests from ssl-opt.sh are sometimes failing because
the server is killed before its output has been finalized. This commit
adds a small delay in ssl-opt.sh before killing the server to prevent
that.
ssl-opt.sh checks whether the client, server and proxy commands are
names of executable files, forbidding the use of default arguments by
by e.g. setting P_SRV="ssl_server2 debug_level=3". This commit relaxes
this check, only considering the part of the command string prior to
the first whitespace.
The change modifies the template code in tests/suites/helpers.function
and tests/suites/main.function so that error messages are printed to
stdout instead of being discarded. This makes errors visible regardless
of the --verbose flag being passed or not to the test suite programs.
The change modifies the template code in tests/suites/helpers.function
and tests/suites/main.function so that error messages are printed to
stdout instead of being discarded. This makes errors visible regardless
of the --verbose flag being passed or not to the test suite programs.
Add a test to ssl-opt.sh that parses the client and server debug
output and then checks that the Unix timestamp in the ServerHello
message is within acceptable bounds.
Extend the run_test function in ssl-opt.sh so that it accepts the -f
and -F options. These parameters take an argument which is the name of
a shell function that will be called by run_test and will be given the
client input and output debug log. The idea is that these functions are
defined by each test and they can be used to do some custom check
beyon those allowed by the pattern matching capabilities of the
run_test function.
Add a test case calling ssl_set_hostname twice to test_suite_ssl.
When run in CMake build mode ASan, this catches the current leak,
but will hopefully be fine with the new version.
Add a test to ssl-opt.sh that parses the client and server debug
output and then checks that the Unix timestamp in the ServerHello
message is within acceptable bounds.
Extend the run_test function in ssl-opt.sh so that it accepts the -f
and -F options. These parameters take an argument which is the name of
a shell function that will be called by run_test and will be given the
client input and output debug log. The idea is that these functions are
defined by each test and they can be used to do some custom check
beyon those allowed by the pattern matching capabilities of the
run_test function.
As the new PKCS v1.5 verification function opaquely compares an expected encoding to the given one, it cannot
distinguish multiple reasons of failure anymore and instead always returns MBEDTLS_ERR_RSA_VERIFY_FAILED. This
necessitates some modifications to the expected return values of some tests verifying signatures with bad padding.
This commit adds some tests to the RSA test suite verifying that RSA PKCS-v15 signatures with non-reduced length
encodings are refuted. Details are provided via comments in the test suite data file.
Add a test case calling ssl_set_hostname twice to test_suite_ssl.
When run in CMake build mode ASan, this catches the current leak,
but will hopefully be fine with the new version.
This commit adds a flag to the RSA import/export tests indicating whether it is
expected that a full RSA keypair can be set up from the provided parameters.
Further, the tests of `mbedtls_rsa_import` and `mbedtls_rsa_import_raw` are
expanded to perform key checks and an example encryption-decryption.
Some tests in ssl-opt.sh require MBEDTLS_SSL_MAX_CONTENT_LEN to be set to its
default value of 16384 to succeed. While ideally such a dependency should not
exist, as a short-term remedy this commit adds a small check that will at least
lead to graceful exit if that assumption is violated.
A bug in the dhm_check_range() function makes it pass even when the
parameters are not in the range. This commit adds tests for signalling
this problem as well as a couple of other negative tests.
