/** * PSA API key derivation demonstration * * This program calculates a key ladder: a chain of secret material, each * derived from the previous one in a deterministic way based on a label. * Two keys are identical if and only if they are derived from the same key * using the same label. * * The initial key is called the master key. The master key is normally * randomly generated, but it could itself be derived from another key. * * This program derives a series of keys called intermediate keys. * The first intermediate key is derived from the master key using the * first label passed on the command line. Each subsequent intermediate * key is derived from the previous one using the next label passed * on the command line. * * This program has four modes of operation: * * - "generate": generate a random master key. * - "wrap": derive a wrapping key from the last intermediate key, * and use that key to encrypt-and-authenticate some data. * - "unwrap": derive a wrapping key from the last intermediate key, * and use that key to decrypt-and-authenticate some * ciphertext created by wrap mode. * - "save": save the last intermediate key so that it can be reused as * the master key in another run of the program. * * See the usage() output for the command line usage. See the file * `key_ladder_demo.sh` for an example run. */ /* * Copyright The Mbed TLS Contributors * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may * not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ /* First include Mbed TLS headers to get the Mbed TLS configuration and * platform definitions that we'll use in this program. Also include * standard C headers for functions we'll use here. */ #include "mbedtls/build_info.h" #include #include #include #include "mbedtls/platform.h" // for mbedtls_setbuf #include "mbedtls/platform_util.h" // for mbedtls_platform_zeroize #include /* If the build options we need are not enabled, compile a placeholder. */ #if !defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_MD_C) || \ !defined(MBEDTLS_AES_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_CCM_C) || \ !defined(MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_FS_IO) || \ defined(MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_KEY_ID_ENCODES_OWNER) int main(void) { printf("MBEDTLS_SHA256_C and/or MBEDTLS_MD_C and/or " "MBEDTLS_AES_C and/or MBEDTLS_CCM_C and/or " "MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C and/or MBEDTLS_FS_IO " "not defined and/or MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_KEY_ID_ENCODES_OWNER " "defined.\n"); return 0; } #else /* The real program starts here. */ /* Run a system function and bail out if it fails. */ #define SYS_CHECK(expr) \ do \ { \ if (!(expr)) \ { \ perror( #expr); \ status = DEMO_ERROR; \ goto exit; \ } \ } \ while (0) /* Run a PSA function and bail out if it fails. */ #define PSA_CHECK(expr) \ do \ { \ status = (expr); \ if (status != PSA_SUCCESS) \ { \ printf("Error %d at line %d: %s\n", \ (int) status, \ __LINE__, \ #expr); \ goto exit; \ } \ } \ while (0) /* To report operational errors in this program, use an error code that is * different from every PSA error code. */ #define DEMO_ERROR 120 /* The maximum supported key ladder depth. */ #define MAX_LADDER_DEPTH 10 /* Salt to use when deriving an intermediate key. */ #define DERIVE_KEY_SALT ((uint8_t *) "key_ladder_demo.derive") #define DERIVE_KEY_SALT_LENGTH (strlen((const char *) DERIVE_KEY_SALT)) /* Salt to use when deriving a wrapping key. */ #define WRAPPING_KEY_SALT ((uint8_t *) "key_ladder_demo.wrap") #define WRAPPING_KEY_SALT_LENGTH (strlen((const char *) WRAPPING_KEY_SALT)) /* Size of the key derivation keys (applies both to the master key and * to intermediate keys). */ #define KEY_SIZE_BYTES 40 /* Algorithm for key derivation. */ #define KDF_ALG PSA_ALG_HKDF(PSA_ALG_SHA_256) /* Type and size of the key used to wrap data. */ #define WRAPPING_KEY_TYPE PSA_KEY_TYPE_AES #define WRAPPING_KEY_BITS 128 /* Cipher mode used to wrap data. */ #define WRAPPING_ALG PSA_ALG_CCM /* Nonce size used to wrap data. */ #define WRAPPING_IV_SIZE 13 /* Header used in files containing wrapped data. We'll save this header * directly without worrying about data representation issues such as * integer sizes and endianness, because the data is meant to be read * back by the same program on the same machine. */ #define WRAPPED_DATA_MAGIC "key_ladder_demo" // including trailing null byte #define WRAPPED_DATA_MAGIC_LENGTH (sizeof(WRAPPED_DATA_MAGIC)) typedef struct { char magic[WRAPPED_DATA_MAGIC_LENGTH]; size_t ad_size; /* Size of the additional data, which is this header. */ size_t payload_size; /* Size of the encrypted data. */ /* Store the IV inside the additional data. It's convenient. */ uint8_t iv[WRAPPING_IV_SIZE]; } wrapped_data_header_t; /* The modes that this program can operate in (see usage). */ enum program_mode { MODE_GENERATE, MODE_SAVE, MODE_UNWRAP, MODE_WRAP }; /* Save a key to a file. In the real world, you may want to export a derived * key sometimes, to share it with another party. */ static psa_status_t save_key(psa_key_id_t key, const char *output_file_name) { psa_status_t status = PSA_SUCCESS; uint8_t key_data[KEY_SIZE_BYTES]; size_t key_size; FILE *key_file = NULL; PSA_CHECK(psa_export_key(key, key_data, sizeof(key_data), &key_size)); SYS_CHECK((key_file = fopen(output_file_name, "wb")) != NULL); /* Ensure no stdio buffering of secrets, as such buffers cannot be wiped. */ mbedtls_setbuf(key_file, NULL); SYS_CHECK(fwrite(key_data, 1, key_size, key_file) == key_size); SYS_CHECK(fclose(key_file) == 0); key_file = NULL; exit: if (key_file != NULL) { fclose(key_file); } return status; } /* Generate a master key for use in this demo. * * Normally a master key would be non-exportable. For the purpose of this * demo, we want to save it to a file, to avoid relying on the keystore * capability of the PSA crypto library. */ static psa_status_t generate(const char *key_file_name) { psa_status_t status = PSA_SUCCESS; psa_key_id_t key = 0; psa_key_attributes_t attributes = PSA_KEY_ATTRIBUTES_INIT; psa_set_key_usage_flags(&attributes, PSA_KEY_USAGE_DERIVE | PSA_KEY_USAGE_EXPORT); psa_set_key_algorithm(&attributes, KDF_ALG); psa_set_key_type(&attributes, PSA_KEY_TYPE_DERIVE); psa_set_key_bits(&attributes, PSA_BYTES_TO_BITS(KEY_SIZE_BYTES)); PSA_CHECK(psa_generate_key(&attributes, &key)); PSA_CHECK(save_key(key, key_file_name)); exit: (void) psa_destroy_key(key); return status; } /* Load the master key from a file. * * In the real world, this master key would be stored in an internal memory * and the storage would be managed by the keystore capability of the PSA * crypto library. */ static psa_status_t import_key_from_file(psa_key_usage_t usage, psa_algorithm_t alg, const char *key_file_name, psa_key_id_t *master_key) { psa_status_t status = PSA_SUCCESS; psa_key_attributes_t attributes = PSA_KEY_ATTRIBUTES_INIT; uint8_t key_data[KEY_SIZE_BYTES]; size_t key_size; FILE *key_file = NULL; unsigned char extra_byte; SYS_CHECK((key_file = fopen(key_file_name, "rb")) != NULL); /* Ensure no stdio buffering of secrets, as such buffers cannot be wiped. */ mbedtls_setbuf(key_file, NULL); SYS_CHECK((key_size = fread(key_data, 1, sizeof(key_data), key_file)) != 0); if (fread(&extra_byte, 1, 1, key_file) != 0) { printf("Key file too large (max: %u).\n", (unsigned) sizeof(key_data)); status = DEMO_ERROR; goto exit; } SYS_CHECK(fclose(key_file) == 0); key_file = NULL; psa_set_key_usage_flags(&attributes, usage); psa_set_key_algorithm(&attributes, alg); psa_set_key_type(&attributes, PSA_KEY_TYPE_DERIVE); PSA_CHECK(psa_import_key(&attributes, key_data, key_size, master_key)); exit: if (key_file != NULL) { fclose(key_file); } mbedtls_platform_zeroize(key_data, sizeof(key_data)); if (status != PSA_SUCCESS) { /* If the key creation hasn't happened yet or has failed, * *master_key is null. psa_destroy_key( 0 ) is * guaranteed to do nothing and return PSA_SUCCESS. */ (void) psa_destroy_key(*master_key); *master_key = 0; } return status; } /* Derive the intermediate keys, using the list of labels provided on * the command line. On input, *key is the master key identifier. * This function destroys the master key. On successful output, *key * is the identifier of the final derived key. */ static psa_status_t derive_key_ladder(const char *ladder[], size_t ladder_depth, psa_key_id_t *key) { psa_status_t status = PSA_SUCCESS; psa_key_attributes_t attributes = PSA_KEY_ATTRIBUTES_INIT; psa_key_derivation_operation_t operation = PSA_KEY_DERIVATION_OPERATION_INIT; size_t i; psa_set_key_usage_flags(&attributes, PSA_KEY_USAGE_DERIVE | PSA_KEY_USAGE_EXPORT); psa_set_key_algorithm(&attributes, KDF_ALG); psa_set_key_type(&attributes, PSA_KEY_TYPE_DERIVE); psa_set_key_bits(&attributes, PSA_BYTES_TO_BITS(KEY_SIZE_BYTES)); /* For each label in turn, ... */ for (i = 0; i < ladder_depth; i++) { /* Start deriving material from the master key (if i=0) or from * the current intermediate key (if i>0). */ PSA_CHECK(psa_key_derivation_setup(&operation, KDF_ALG)); PSA_CHECK(psa_key_derivation_input_bytes( &operation, PSA_KEY_DERIVATION_INPUT_SALT, DERIVE_KEY_SALT, DERIVE_KEY_SALT_LENGTH)); PSA_CHECK(psa_key_derivation_input_key( &operation, PSA_KEY_DERIVATION_INPUT_SECRET, *key)); PSA_CHECK(psa_key_derivation_input_bytes( &operation, PSA_KEY_DERIVATION_INPUT_INFO, (uint8_t *) ladder[i], strlen(ladder[i]))); /* When the parent key is not the master key, destroy it, * since it is no longer needed. */ PSA_CHECK(psa_destroy_key(*key)); *key = 0; /* Derive the next intermediate key from the parent key. */ PSA_CHECK(psa_key_derivation_output_key(&attributes, &operation, key)); PSA_CHECK(psa_key_derivation_abort(&operation)); } exit: psa_key_derivation_abort(&operation); if (status != PSA_SUCCESS) { psa_destroy_key(*key); *key = 0; } return status; } /* Derive a wrapping key from the last intermediate key. */ static psa_status_t derive_wrapping_key(psa_key_usage_t usage, psa_key_id_t derived_key, psa_key_id_t *wrapping_key) { psa_status_t status = PSA_SUCCESS; psa_key_attributes_t attributes = PSA_KEY_ATTRIBUTES_INIT; psa_key_derivation_operation_t operation = PSA_KEY_DERIVATION_OPERATION_INIT; *wrapping_key = 0; /* Set up a key derivation operation from the key derived from * the master key. */ PSA_CHECK(psa_key_derivation_setup(&operation, KDF_ALG)); PSA_CHECK(psa_key_derivation_input_bytes( &operation, PSA_KEY_DERIVATION_INPUT_SALT, WRAPPING_KEY_SALT, WRAPPING_KEY_SALT_LENGTH)); PSA_CHECK(psa_key_derivation_input_key( &operation, PSA_KEY_DERIVATION_INPUT_SECRET, derived_key)); PSA_CHECK(psa_key_derivation_input_bytes( &operation, PSA_KEY_DERIVATION_INPUT_INFO, NULL, 0)); /* Create the wrapping key. */ psa_set_key_usage_flags(&attributes, usage); psa_set_key_algorithm(&attributes, WRAPPING_ALG); psa_set_key_type(&attributes, PSA_KEY_TYPE_AES); psa_set_key_bits(&attributes, WRAPPING_KEY_BITS); PSA_CHECK(psa_key_derivation_output_key(&attributes, &operation, wrapping_key)); exit: psa_key_derivation_abort(&operation); return status; } static psa_status_t wrap_data(const char *input_file_name, const char *output_file_name, psa_key_id_t wrapping_key) { psa_status_t status; FILE *input_file = NULL; FILE *output_file = NULL; psa_key_attributes_t attributes = PSA_KEY_ATTRIBUTES_INIT; psa_key_type_t key_type; long input_position; size_t input_size; size_t buffer_size = 0; unsigned char *buffer = NULL; size_t ciphertext_size; wrapped_data_header_t header; /* Find the size of the data to wrap. */ SYS_CHECK((input_file = fopen(input_file_name, "rb")) != NULL); /* Ensure no stdio buffering of secrets, as such buffers cannot be wiped. */ mbedtls_setbuf(input_file, NULL); SYS_CHECK(fseek(input_file, 0, SEEK_END) == 0); SYS_CHECK((input_position = ftell(input_file)) != -1); #if LONG_MAX > SIZE_MAX if (input_position > SIZE_MAX) { printf("Input file too large.\n"); status = DEMO_ERROR; goto exit; } #endif input_size = input_position; PSA_CHECK(psa_get_key_attributes(wrapping_key, &attributes)); key_type = psa_get_key_type(&attributes); buffer_size = PSA_AEAD_ENCRYPT_OUTPUT_SIZE(key_type, WRAPPING_ALG, input_size); /* Check for integer overflow. */ if (buffer_size < input_size) { printf("Input file too large.\n"); status = DEMO_ERROR; goto exit; } /* Load the data to wrap. */ SYS_CHECK(fseek(input_file, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0); SYS_CHECK((buffer = calloc(1, buffer_size)) != NULL); SYS_CHECK(fread(buffer, 1, input_size, input_file) == input_size); SYS_CHECK(fclose(input_file) == 0); input_file = NULL; /* Construct a header. */ memcpy(&header.magic, WRAPPED_DATA_MAGIC, WRAPPED_DATA_MAGIC_LENGTH); header.ad_size = sizeof(header); header.payload_size = input_size; /* Wrap the data. */ PSA_CHECK(psa_generate_random(header.iv, WRAPPING_IV_SIZE)); PSA_CHECK(psa_aead_encrypt(wrapping_key, WRAPPING_ALG, header.iv, WRAPPING_IV_SIZE, (uint8_t *) &header, sizeof(header), buffer, input_size, buffer, buffer_size, &ciphertext_size)); /* Write the output. */ SYS_CHECK((output_file = fopen(output_file_name, "wb")) != NULL); /* Ensure no stdio buffering of secrets, as such buffers cannot be wiped. */ mbedtls_setbuf(output_file, NULL); SYS_CHECK(fwrite(&header, 1, sizeof(header), output_file) == sizeof(header)); SYS_CHECK(fwrite(buffer, 1, ciphertext_size, output_file) == ciphertext_size); SYS_CHECK(fclose(output_file) == 0); output_file = NULL; exit: if (input_file != NULL) { fclose(input_file); } if (output_file != NULL) { fclose(output_file); } if (buffer != NULL) { mbedtls_platform_zeroize(buffer, buffer_size); } free(buffer); return status; } static psa_status_t unwrap_data(const char *input_file_name, const char *output_file_name, psa_key_id_t wrapping_key) { psa_status_t status; FILE *input_file = NULL; FILE *output_file = NULL; psa_key_attributes_t attributes = PSA_KEY_ATTRIBUTES_INIT; psa_key_type_t key_type; unsigned char *buffer = NULL; size_t ciphertext_size = 0; size_t plaintext_size; wrapped_data_header_t header; unsigned char extra_byte; /* Load and validate the header. */ SYS_CHECK((input_file = fopen(input_file_name, "rb")) != NULL); /* Ensure no stdio buffering of secrets, as such buffers cannot be wiped. */ mbedtls_setbuf(input_file, NULL); SYS_CHECK(fread(&header, 1, sizeof(header), input_file) == sizeof(header)); if (memcmp(&header.magic, WRAPPED_DATA_MAGIC, WRAPPED_DATA_MAGIC_LENGTH) != 0) { printf("The input does not start with a valid magic header.\n"); status = DEMO_ERROR; goto exit; } if (header.ad_size != sizeof(header)) { printf("The header size is not correct.\n"); status = DEMO_ERROR; goto exit; } PSA_CHECK(psa_get_key_attributes(wrapping_key, &attributes)); key_type = psa_get_key_type(&attributes); ciphertext_size = PSA_AEAD_ENCRYPT_OUTPUT_SIZE(key_type, WRAPPING_ALG, header.payload_size); /* Check for integer overflow. */ if (ciphertext_size < header.payload_size) { printf("Input file too large.\n"); status = DEMO_ERROR; goto exit; } /* Load the payload data. */ SYS_CHECK((buffer = calloc(1, ciphertext_size)) != NULL); SYS_CHECK(fread(buffer, 1, ciphertext_size, input_file) == ciphertext_size); if (fread(&extra_byte, 1, 1, input_file) != 0) { printf("Extra garbage after ciphertext\n"); status = DEMO_ERROR; goto exit; } SYS_CHECK(fclose(input_file) == 0); input_file = NULL; /* Unwrap the data. */ PSA_CHECK(psa_aead_decrypt(wrapping_key, WRAPPING_ALG, header.iv, WRAPPING_IV_SIZE, (uint8_t *) &header, sizeof(header), buffer, ciphertext_size, buffer, ciphertext_size, &plaintext_size)); if (plaintext_size != header.payload_size) { printf("Incorrect payload size in the header.\n"); status = DEMO_ERROR; goto exit; } /* Write the output. */ SYS_CHECK((output_file = fopen(output_file_name, "wb")) != NULL); /* Ensure no stdio buffering of secrets, as such buffers cannot be wiped. */ mbedtls_setbuf(output_file, NULL); SYS_CHECK(fwrite(buffer, 1, plaintext_size, output_file) == plaintext_size); SYS_CHECK(fclose(output_file) == 0); output_file = NULL; exit: if (input_file != NULL) { fclose(input_file); } if (output_file != NULL) { fclose(output_file); } if (buffer != NULL) { mbedtls_platform_zeroize(buffer, ciphertext_size); } free(buffer); return status; } static psa_status_t run(enum program_mode mode, const char *key_file_name, const char *ladder[], size_t ladder_depth, const char *input_file_name, const char *output_file_name) { psa_status_t status = PSA_SUCCESS; psa_key_id_t derivation_key = 0; psa_key_id_t wrapping_key = 0; /* Initialize the PSA crypto library. */ PSA_CHECK(psa_crypto_init()); /* Generate mode is unlike the others. Generate the master key and exit. */ if (mode == MODE_GENERATE) { return generate(key_file_name); } /* Read the master key. */ PSA_CHECK(import_key_from_file(PSA_KEY_USAGE_DERIVE | PSA_KEY_USAGE_EXPORT, KDF_ALG, key_file_name, &derivation_key)); /* Calculate the derived key for this session. */ PSA_CHECK(derive_key_ladder(ladder, ladder_depth, &derivation_key)); switch (mode) { case MODE_SAVE: PSA_CHECK(save_key(derivation_key, output_file_name)); break; case MODE_UNWRAP: PSA_CHECK(derive_wrapping_key(PSA_KEY_USAGE_DECRYPT, derivation_key, &wrapping_key)); PSA_CHECK(unwrap_data(input_file_name, output_file_name, wrapping_key)); break; case MODE_WRAP: PSA_CHECK(derive_wrapping_key(PSA_KEY_USAGE_ENCRYPT, derivation_key, &wrapping_key)); PSA_CHECK(wrap_data(input_file_name, output_file_name, wrapping_key)); break; default: /* Unreachable but some compilers don't realize it. */ break; } exit: /* Destroy any remaining key. Deinitializing the crypto library would do * this anyway since they are volatile keys, but explicitly destroying * keys makes the code easier to reuse. */ (void) psa_destroy_key(derivation_key); (void) psa_destroy_key(wrapping_key); /* Deinitialize the PSA crypto library. */ mbedtls_psa_crypto_free(); return status; } static void usage(void) { printf("Usage: key_ladder_demo MODE [OPTION=VALUE]...\n"); printf("Demonstrate the usage of a key derivation ladder.\n"); printf("\n"); printf("Modes:\n"); printf(" generate Generate the master key\n"); printf(" save Save the derived key\n"); printf(" unwrap Unwrap (decrypt) input with the derived key\n"); printf(" wrap Wrap (encrypt) input with the derived key\n"); printf("\n"); printf("Options:\n"); printf(" input=FILENAME Input file (required for wrap/unwrap)\n"); printf(" master=FILENAME File containing the master key (default: master.key)\n"); printf(" output=FILENAME Output file (required for save/wrap/unwrap)\n"); printf(" label=TEXT Label for the key derivation.\n"); printf(" This may be repeated multiple times.\n"); printf(" To get the same key, you must use the same master key\n"); printf(" and the same sequence of labels.\n"); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { const char *key_file_name = "master.key"; const char *input_file_name = NULL; const char *output_file_name = NULL; const char *ladder[MAX_LADDER_DEPTH]; size_t ladder_depth = 0; int i; enum program_mode mode; psa_status_t status; if (argc <= 1 || strcmp(argv[1], "help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0) { usage(); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } for (i = 2; i < argc; i++) { char *q = strchr(argv[i], '='); if (q == NULL) { printf("Missing argument to option %s\n", argv[i]); goto usage_failure; } *q = 0; ++q; if (strcmp(argv[i], "input") == 0) { input_file_name = q; } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "label") == 0) { if (ladder_depth == MAX_LADDER_DEPTH) { printf("Maximum ladder depth %u exceeded.\n", (unsigned) MAX_LADDER_DEPTH); return EXIT_FAILURE; } ladder[ladder_depth] = q; ++ladder_depth; } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "master") == 0) { key_file_name = q; } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "output") == 0) { output_file_name = q; } else { printf("Unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]); goto usage_failure; } } if (strcmp(argv[1], "generate") == 0) { mode = MODE_GENERATE; } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "save") == 0) { mode = MODE_SAVE; } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "unwrap") == 0) { mode = MODE_UNWRAP; } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "wrap") == 0) { mode = MODE_WRAP; } else { printf("Unknown action: %s\n", argv[1]); goto usage_failure; } if (input_file_name == NULL && (mode == MODE_WRAP || mode == MODE_UNWRAP)) { printf("Required argument missing: input\n"); return DEMO_ERROR; } if (output_file_name == NULL && (mode == MODE_SAVE || mode == MODE_WRAP || mode == MODE_UNWRAP)) { printf("Required argument missing: output\n"); return DEMO_ERROR; } status = run(mode, key_file_name, ladder, ladder_depth, input_file_name, output_file_name); return status == PSA_SUCCESS ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE; usage_failure: usage(); return EXIT_FAILURE; } #endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C && MBEDTLS_MD_C && MBEDTLS_AES_C && MBEDTLS_CCM_C && MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C && MBEDTLS_FS_IO */