diff --git a/library/psa_crypto.c b/library/psa_crypto.c
index 4a0666bb8..67f6eac6f 100644
--- a/library/psa_crypto.c
+++ b/library/psa_crypto.c
@@ -1679,7 +1679,15 @@ static psa_status_t psa_start_key_creation(
         return status;
     }
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_THREADING_C)
+    PSA_THREADING_CHK_RET(mbedtls_mutex_lock(
+                              &mbedtls_threading_key_slot_mutex));
+#endif
     status = psa_reserve_free_key_slot(&volatile_key_id, p_slot);
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_THREADING_C)
+    PSA_THREADING_CHK_RET(mbedtls_mutex_unlock(
+                              &mbedtls_threading_key_slot_mutex));
+#endif
     if (status != PSA_SUCCESS) {
         return status;
     }
@@ -1799,6 +1807,11 @@ static psa_status_t psa_finish_key_creation(
     (void) slot;
     (void) driver;
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_THREADING_C)
+    PSA_THREADING_CHK_RET(mbedtls_mutex_lock(
+                              &mbedtls_threading_key_slot_mutex));
+#endif
+
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_STORAGE_C)
     if (!PSA_KEY_LIFETIME_IS_VOLATILE(slot->attr.lifetime)) {
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_SE_C)
@@ -1838,6 +1851,11 @@ static psa_status_t psa_finish_key_creation(
         status = psa_save_se_persistent_data(driver);
         if (status != PSA_SUCCESS) {
             psa_destroy_persistent_key(slot->attr.id);
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_THREADING_C)
+            PSA_THREADING_CHK_RET(mbedtls_mutex_unlock(
+                                      &mbedtls_threading_key_slot_mutex));
+#endif
             return status;
         }
         status = psa_crypto_stop_transaction();
@@ -1853,6 +1871,10 @@ static psa_status_t psa_finish_key_creation(
         }
     }
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_THREADING_C)
+    PSA_THREADING_CHK_RET(mbedtls_mutex_unlock(
+                              &mbedtls_threading_key_slot_mutex));
+#endif
     return status;
 }
 
@@ -1877,6 +1899,13 @@ static void psa_fail_key_creation(psa_key_slot_t *slot,
         return;
     }
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_THREADING_C)
+    /* If the lock operation fails we still wipe the slot.
+     * Operations will no longer work after a failed lock,
+     * but we still need to wipe the slot of confidential data. */
+    mbedtls_mutex_lock(&mbedtls_threading_key_slot_mutex);
+#endif
+
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_SE_C)
     /* TODO: If the key has already been created in the secure
      * element, and the failure happened later (when saving metadata
@@ -1895,6 +1924,10 @@ static void psa_fail_key_creation(psa_key_slot_t *slot,
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_SE_C */
 
     psa_wipe_key_slot(slot);
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_THREADING_C)
+    mbedtls_mutex_unlock(&mbedtls_threading_key_slot_mutex);
+#endif
 }
 
 /** Validate optional attributes during key creation.
diff --git a/library/psa_crypto_slot_management.h b/library/psa_crypto_slot_management.h
index 18a914496..585de1318 100644
--- a/library/psa_crypto_slot_management.h
+++ b/library/psa_crypto_slot_management.h
@@ -107,6 +107,9 @@ void psa_wipe_all_key_slots(void);
  * It is the responsibility of the caller to change the slot's state to
  * PSA_SLOT_EMPTY/FULL once key creation has finished.
  *
+ * If multi-threading is enabled, the caller must hold the
+ * global key slot mutex.
+ *
  * \param[out] volatile_key_id   On success, volatile key identifier
  *                               associated to the returned slot.
  * \param[out] p_slot            On success, a pointer to the slot.