Correct the aliasing requirements in doc for mbedtls_mpi_core_montmul(), and test them

Signed-off-by: Tom Cosgrove <tom.cosgrove@arm.com>

library/bignum_core.c

@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ void mbedtls_mpi_core_montmul( mbedtls_mpi_uint *X,
      * So the correct return value is already in X if (carry ^ borrow) = 0,
      * but is in (the lower AN_limbs limbs of) T if (carry ^ borrow) = 1.
      */
-     mbedtls_ct_mpi_uint_cond_assign( AN_limbs, X, T, (unsigned char) ( carry ^ borrow ) );
+    mbedtls_ct_mpi_uint_cond_assign( AN_limbs, X, T, (unsigned char) ( carry ^ borrow ) );
 }
 
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C */

library/bignum_core.h

@@ -250,15 +250,15 @@ mbedtls_mpi_uint mbedtls_mpi_core_mla( mbedtls_mpi_uint *X, size_t X_limbs,
 mbedtls_mpi_uint mbedtls_mpi_core_montmul_init( const mbedtls_mpi_uint *N );
 
 /**
- * \brief Montgomery multiplication: X = A * B * R^-1 mod N  (HAC 14.36)
+ * \brief Montgomery multiplication: X = A * B * R^-1 mod N (HAC 14.36)
+ *
+ * \p A and \p B must be in canonical form. That is, < \p N.
  *
  * \p X may be aliased to \p A or \p N, or even \p B (if \p AN_limbs ==
  * \p B_limbs) but may not overlap any parameters otherwise.
  *
- * \p A, \p B and \p N must not alias or overlap each other in any way, even
- * if \p AN_limbs == \p B_limbs.
- *
- * \p A and \p B must be in canonical form: that is, <= \p N.
+ * \p A and \p B may alias each other, if \p AN_limbs == \p B_limbs. They may
+ * not alias \p N (since they must be in canonical form, they cannot == \p N).
  *
  * \param[out]    X         The destination MPI, as a little-endian array of
  *                          length \p AN_limbs.
@@ -273,13 +273,16 @@ mbedtls_mpi_uint mbedtls_mpi_core_montmul_init( const mbedtls_mpi_uint *N );
  * \param[in]     N         Little-endian presentation of the modulus.
  *                          This must be odd, and have exactly the same number
  *                          of limbs as \p A.
+ *                          It must not alias or otherwise overlap any of the
+ *                          other parameters.
  * \param[in]     AN_limbs  The number of limbs in \p X, \p A and \p N.
  * \param         mm        The Montgomery constant for \p N: -N^-1 mod 2^biL.
  *                          This can be calculated by `mbedtls_mpi_core_montmul_init()`.
  * \param[in,out] T         Temporary storage of size at least 2*AN_limbs+1 limbs.
  *                          Its initial content is unused and
  *                          its final content is indeterminate.
- *                          It must not overlap any of the other parameters.
+ *                          It must not alias or otherwise overlap any of the
+ *                          other parameters.
  */
 void mbedtls_mpi_core_montmul( mbedtls_mpi_uint *X,
                                const mbedtls_mpi_uint *A,

tests/suites/test_suite_mpi.function

@@ -2140,11 +2140,22 @@ void mpi_core_montmul( int limbs_AN4, int limbs_B4,
 
     memcpy( N.p, R.p, bytes );
 
-    /* The output may even be aliased to B, if AN_limbs == B_limbs */
-
     if (limbs_AN == limbs_B)
     {
-        /* Note: last test, so we don't save B */
+        /* Test when A aliased to B (requires A == B on input values) */
+        if ( memcmp( A.p, B.p, bytes ) == 0 )
+        {
+            /* Test with A aliased to B and output, since this is permitted -
+             * don't bother with yet another test with only A and B aliased */
+
+            mbedtls_mpi_core_montmul( B.p, B.p, B.p, B.n, N.p, N.n, mm, T.p );
+            ASSERT_COMPARE( B.p, bytes, X->p, bytes );
+
+            memcpy( B.p, A.p, bytes );  /* restore B from equal value A */
+        }
+
+        /* The output may be aliased to B - last test, so we don't save B */
+
         mbedtls_mpi_core_montmul( B.p, A.p, B.p, B.n, N.p, N.n, mm, T.p );
         ASSERT_COMPARE( B.p, bytes, X->p, bytes );
     }