diff --git a/include/mbedtls/rsa.h b/include/mbedtls/rsa.h
index c250525d7..96548bd4d 100644
--- a/include/mbedtls/rsa.h
+++ b/include/mbedtls/rsa.h
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ int mbedtls_rsa_rsaes_oaep_decrypt( mbedtls_rsa_context *ctx,
  *                 a message digest using PKCS#1.
  *
  *                 It is the generic wrapper for performing a PKCS#1
- *                 signature using the \p mode from the context.
+ *                 signature.
  *
  * \note           The \p sig buffer must be as large as the size
  *                 of \p ctx->N. For example, 128 Bytes if RSA-1024 is used.
@@ -799,25 +799,13 @@ int mbedtls_rsa_rsaes_oaep_decrypt( mbedtls_rsa_context *ctx,
  *                 mbedtls_rsa_rsassa_pss_sign() for details on
  *                 \p md_alg and \p hash_id.
  *
- * \deprecated     It is deprecated and discouraged to call this function
- *                 in #MBEDTLS_RSA_PUBLIC mode. Future versions of the library
- *                 are likely to remove the \p mode argument and have it
- *                 implicitly set to #MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE.
- *
- * \note           Alternative implementations of RSA need not support
- *                 mode being set to #MBEDTLS_RSA_PUBLIC and might instead
- *                 return #MBEDTLS_ERR_PLATFORM_FEATURE_UNSUPPORTED.
- *
  * \param ctx      The initialized RSA context to use.
  * \param f_rng    The RNG function to use. If the padding mode is PKCS#1 v2.1,
- *                 this must be provided. If the padding mode is PKCS#1 v1.5 and
- *                 \p mode is #MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE, it is used for blinding
- *                 and should be provided; see mbedtls_rsa_private() for more
- *                 more. It is ignored otherwise.
+ *                 this must be provided. If the padding mode is PKCS#1 v1.5
+ *                 it is used for blinding and should be provided;
+ *                 see mbedtls_rsa_private() for more.
  * \param p_rng    The RNG context to be passed to \p f_rng. This may be \c NULL
  *                 if \p f_rng is \c NULL or doesn't need a context argument.
- * \param mode     The mode of operation. This must be either
- *                 #MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE or #MBEDTLS_RSA_PUBLIC (deprecated).
  * \param md_alg   The message-digest algorithm used to hash the original data.
  *                 Use #MBEDTLS_MD_NONE for signing raw data.
  * \param hashlen  The length of the message digest.
@@ -838,7 +826,6 @@ int mbedtls_rsa_rsaes_oaep_decrypt( mbedtls_rsa_context *ctx,
 int mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( mbedtls_rsa_context *ctx,
                     int (*f_rng)(void *, unsigned char *, size_t),
                     void *p_rng,
-                    int mode,
                     mbedtls_md_type_t md_alg,
                     unsigned int hashlen,
                     const unsigned char *hash,
diff --git a/library/pk_wrap.c b/library/pk_wrap.c
index ec07c6024..9f4c187b0 100644
--- a/library/pk_wrap.c
+++ b/library/pk_wrap.c
@@ -120,8 +120,9 @@ static int rsa_sign_wrap( void *ctx, mbedtls_md_type_t md_alg,
 
     *sig_len = mbedtls_rsa_get_len( rsa );
 
-    return( mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( rsa, f_rng, p_rng, MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
-                md_alg, (unsigned int) hash_len, hash, sig ) );
+    return( mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( rsa, f_rng, p_rng,
+                                    md_alg, (unsigned int) hash_len,
+                                    hash, sig ) );
 }
 
 static int rsa_decrypt_wrap( void *ctx,
diff --git a/library/psa_crypto_rsa.c b/library/psa_crypto_rsa.c
index 686f07d33..192f4a397 100644
--- a/library/psa_crypto_rsa.c
+++ b/library/psa_crypto_rsa.c
@@ -419,7 +419,6 @@ static psa_status_t rsa_sign_hash(
         ret = mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( rsa,
                                       mbedtls_psa_get_random,
                                       MBEDTLS_PSA_RANDOM_STATE,
-                                      MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
                                       md_alg,
                                       (unsigned int) hash_length,
                                       hash,
diff --git a/library/rsa.c b/library/rsa.c
index 86bd71d47..22880a23d 100644
--- a/library/rsa.c
+++ b/library/rsa.c
@@ -2129,15 +2129,12 @@ cleanup:
 int mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( mbedtls_rsa_context *ctx,
                     int (*f_rng)(void *, unsigned char *, size_t),
                     void *p_rng,
-                    int mode,
                     mbedtls_md_type_t md_alg,
                     unsigned int hashlen,
                     const unsigned char *hash,
                     unsigned char *sig )
 {
     RSA_VALIDATE_RET( ctx != NULL );
-    RSA_VALIDATE_RET( mode == MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE ||
-                      mode == MBEDTLS_RSA_PUBLIC );
     RSA_VALIDATE_RET( ( md_alg  == MBEDTLS_MD_NONE &&
                         hashlen == 0 ) ||
                       hash != NULL );
@@ -2147,14 +2144,14 @@ int mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( mbedtls_rsa_context *ctx,
     {
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_PKCS1_V15)
         case MBEDTLS_RSA_PKCS_V15:
-            return mbedtls_rsa_rsassa_pkcs1_v15_sign( ctx, f_rng, p_rng, mode, md_alg,
-                                              hashlen, hash, sig );
+            return mbedtls_rsa_rsassa_pkcs1_v15_sign( ctx, f_rng, p_rng, MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
+                                                      md_alg, hashlen, hash, sig );
 #endif
 
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_PKCS1_V21)
         case MBEDTLS_RSA_PKCS_V21:
-            return mbedtls_rsa_rsassa_pss_sign( ctx, f_rng, p_rng, mode, md_alg,
-                                        hashlen, hash, sig );
+            return mbedtls_rsa_rsassa_pss_sign( ctx, f_rng, p_rng, MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
+                                                md_alg, hashlen, hash, sig );
 #endif
 
         default:
@@ -2714,7 +2711,7 @@ int mbedtls_rsa_self_test( int verbose )
     }
 
     if( mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &rsa, myrand, NULL,
-                                MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1, 0,
+                                MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1, 0,
                                 sha1sum, rsa_ciphertext ) != 0 )
     {
         if( verbose != 0 )
diff --git a/programs/pkey/dh_server.c b/programs/pkey/dh_server.c
index dccf0951c..63df77ee0 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/dh_server.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/dh_server.c
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ int main( void )
     buf[n    ] = (unsigned char)( rsa.len >> 8 );
     buf[n + 1] = (unsigned char)( rsa.len      );
 
-    if( ( ret = mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &rsa, NULL, NULL, MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256,
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &rsa, NULL, NULL, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256,
                                 0, hash, buf + n + 2 ) ) != 0 )
     {
         mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  ! mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign returned %d\n\n", ret );
diff --git a/programs/pkey/rsa_sign.c b/programs/pkey/rsa_sign.c
index c9522c8c2..1cfa0a8dd 100644
--- a/programs/pkey/rsa_sign.c
+++ b/programs/pkey/rsa_sign.c
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
         goto exit;
     }
 
-    if( ( ret = mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &rsa, NULL, NULL, MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256,
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &rsa, NULL, NULL, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256,
                                 20, hash, buf ) ) != 0 )
     {
         mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  ! mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign returned -0x%0x\n\n", (unsigned int) -ret );
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_pk.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_pk.function
index 27d73ff9a..0038a5863 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_pk.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_pk.function
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ int mbedtls_rsa_sign_func( void *ctx,
     ((void) f_rng);
     ((void) p_rng);
     return( mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( (mbedtls_rsa_context *) ctx,
-                                    mbedtls_test_rnd_std_rand, NULL, MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
+                                    mbedtls_test_rnd_std_rand, NULL,
                                     md_alg, hashlen, hash, sig ) );
 }
 size_t mbedtls_rsa_key_len_func( void *ctx )
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v15.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v15.function
index 878c414ad..0c2547d2e 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v15.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v15.function
@@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ void pkcs1_rsassa_v15_sign( int mod, int radix_P, char * input_P, int radix_Q,
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_md( mbedtls_md_info_from_type( digest ), message_str->x, message_str->len, hash_result ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &ctx, &mbedtls_test_rnd_buffer_rand,
-                                         &info, MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE, digest,
-                                         0, hash_result, output ) == result );
+                                         &info, digest, 0, hash_result,
+                                         output ) == result );
     if( result == 0 )
     {
 
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v21.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v21.function
index 623f7bc55..e64f22290 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v21.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v21.function
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ void pkcs1_rsassa_pss_sign( int mod, data_t * input_P, data_t * input_Q,
     if (fixed_salt_length == MBEDTLS_RSA_SALT_LEN_ANY)
     {
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &ctx, &mbedtls_test_rnd_buffer_rand,
-                                             &info, MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE, digest, 0,
-                                             hash_result, output ) == result );
+                                             &info, digest, 0,hash_result,
+                                             output ) == result );
         if( result == 0 )
         {
             ASSERT_COMPARE( output, ctx.len, result_str->x, result_str->len );
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.function
index 7c7d8f9b6..e4f962562 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.function
@@ -205,22 +205,18 @@ void rsa_invalid_param( )
 
     TEST_INVALID_PARAM_RET( MBEDTLS_ERR_RSA_BAD_INPUT_DATA,
                             mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                                    MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
                                                     0, sizeof( buf ), buf,
                                                     buf ) );
     TEST_INVALID_PARAM_RET( MBEDTLS_ERR_RSA_BAD_INPUT_DATA,
                             mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &ctx, NULL, NULL,
-                                                    MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
                                                     0, sizeof( buf ), NULL,
                                                     buf ) );
     TEST_INVALID_PARAM_RET( MBEDTLS_ERR_RSA_BAD_INPUT_DATA,
                             mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &ctx, NULL, NULL,
-                                                    MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
                                                     0, sizeof( buf ), buf,
                                                     NULL ) );
     TEST_INVALID_PARAM_RET( MBEDTLS_ERR_RSA_BAD_INPUT_DATA,
                             mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &ctx, NULL, NULL,
-                                                    MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
                                                     MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1,
                                                     0, NULL,
                                                     buf ) );
@@ -479,8 +475,8 @@ void mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( data_t * message_str, int padding_mode,
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_md( mbedtls_md_info_from_type( digest ), message_str->x, message_str->len, hash_result ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &ctx, &mbedtls_test_rnd_pseudo_rand,
-                                         &rnd_info, MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE, digest,
-                                         0, hash_result, output ) == result );
+                                         &rnd_info, digest, 0, hash_result,
+                                         output ) == result );
     if( result == 0 )
     {
 
@@ -560,8 +556,8 @@ void rsa_pkcs1_sign_raw( data_t * hash_result,
 
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( &ctx, &mbedtls_test_rnd_pseudo_rand,
-                                         &rnd_info, MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
-                                         MBEDTLS_MD_NONE, hash_result->len,
+                                         &rnd_info, MBEDTLS_MD_NONE,
+                                         hash_result->len,
                                          hash_result->x, output ) == 0 );
 
 
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_x509write.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_x509write.function
index a36fa4376..44f846fd3 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_x509write.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_x509write.function
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ int mbedtls_rsa_sign_func( void *ctx,
                    mbedtls_md_type_t md_alg, unsigned int hashlen,
                    const unsigned char *hash, unsigned char *sig )
 {
-    return( mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( (mbedtls_rsa_context *) ctx, f_rng, p_rng, MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
-                            md_alg, hashlen, hash, sig ) );
+    return( mbedtls_rsa_pkcs1_sign( (mbedtls_rsa_context *) ctx, f_rng, p_rng,
+                                    md_alg, hashlen, hash, sig ) );
 }
 size_t mbedtls_rsa_key_len_func( void *ctx )
 {