196 lines
7.2 KiB
XML
196 lines
7.2 KiB
XML
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xml:id="sec-bower">
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<title>Bower</title>
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<para>
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<link xlink:href="http://bower.io">Bower</link> is a package manager for web site front-end components. Bower packages (comprising of build artefacts and sometimes sources) are stored in <command>git</command> repositories, typically on Github. The package registry is run by the Bower team with package metadata coming from the <filename>bower.json</filename> file within each package.
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</para>
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<para>
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The end result of running Bower is a <filename>bower_components</filename> directory which can be included in the web app's build process.
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</para>
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<para>
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Bower can be run interactively, by installing <varname>nodePackages.bower</varname>. More interestingly, the Bower components can be declared in a Nix derivation, with the help of <varname>nodePackages.bower2nix</varname>.
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</para>
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<section xml:id="ssec-bower2nix-usage">
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<title><command>bower2nix</command> usage</title>
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<para>
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Suppose you have a <filename>bower.json</filename> with the following contents:
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<example xml:id="ex-bowerJson">
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<title><filename>bower.json</filename></title>
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<programlisting language="json">
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<![CDATA[{
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"name": "my-web-app",
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"dependencies": {
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"angular": "~1.5.0",
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"bootstrap": "~3.3.6"
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}
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}]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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Running <command>bower2nix</command> will produce something like the following output:
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<programlisting language="nix">
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<![CDATA[{ fetchbower, buildEnv }:
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buildEnv { name = "bower-env"; ignoreCollisions = true; paths = [
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(fetchbower "angular" "1.5.3" "~1.5.0" "1749xb0firxdra4rzadm4q9x90v6pzkbd7xmcyjk6qfza09ykk9y")
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(fetchbower "bootstrap" "3.3.6" "~3.3.6" "1vvqlpbfcy0k5pncfjaiskj3y6scwifxygfqnw393sjfxiviwmbv")
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(fetchbower "jquery" "2.2.2" "1.9.1 - 2" "10sp5h98sqwk90y4k6hbdviwqzvzwqf47r3r51pakch5ii2y7js1")
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]; }]]>
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>
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Using the <command>bower2nix</command> command line arguments, the output can be redirected to a file. A name like <filename>bower-packages.nix</filename> would be fine.
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</para>
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<para>
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The resulting derivation is a union of all the downloaded Bower packages (and their dependencies). To use it, they still need to be linked together by Bower, which is where <varname>buildBowerComponents</varname> is useful.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="ssec-build-bower-components">
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<title><varname>buildBowerComponents</varname> function</title>
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<para>
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The function is implemented in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/bower-modules/generic/default.nix"> <filename>pkgs/development/bower-modules/generic/default.nix</filename></link>. Example usage:
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<example xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponents">
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<title>buildBowerComponents</title>
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<programlisting language="nix">
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bowerComponents = buildBowerComponents {
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name = "my-web-app";
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generated = ./bower-packages.nix; <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponents-1" />
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src = myWebApp; <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponents-2" />
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};
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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In <xref linkend="ex-buildBowerComponents" />, the following arguments are of special significance to the function:
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<calloutlist>
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<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponents-1">
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<para>
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<varname>generated</varname> specifies the file which was created by <command>bower2nix</command>.
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</para>
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</callout>
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<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponents-2">
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<para>
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<varname>src</varname> is your project's sources. It needs to contain a <filename>bower.json</filename> file.
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</para>
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</callout>
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</calloutlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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<varname>buildBowerComponents</varname> will run Bower to link together the output of <command>bower2nix</command>, resulting in a <filename>bower_components</filename> directory which can be used.
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</para>
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<para>
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Here is an example of a web frontend build process using <command>gulp</command>. You might use <command>grunt</command>, or anything else.
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</para>
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<example xml:id="ex-bowerGulpFile">
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<title>Example build script (<filename>gulpfile.js</filename>)</title>
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<programlisting language="javascript">
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<![CDATA[var gulp = require('gulp');
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gulp.task('default', [], function () {
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gulp.start('build');
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});
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gulp.task('build', [], function () {
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console.log("Just a dummy gulp build");
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gulp
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.src(["./bower_components/**/*"])
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.pipe(gulp.dest("./gulpdist/"));
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});]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefaultNix">
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<title>Full example — <filename>default.nix</filename></title>
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<programlisting language="nix">
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{ myWebApp ? { outPath = ./.; name = "myWebApp"; }
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, pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {}
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}:
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pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
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name = "my-web-app-frontend";
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src = myWebApp;
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buildInputs = [ pkgs.nodePackages.gulp ];
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bowerComponents = pkgs.buildBowerComponents { <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-1" />
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name = "my-web-app";
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generated = ./bower-packages.nix;
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src = myWebApp;
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};
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buildPhase = ''
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cp --reflink=auto --no-preserve=mode -R $bowerComponents/bower_components . <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-2" />
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export HOME=$PWD <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-3" />
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${pkgs.nodePackages.gulp}/bin/gulp build <co xml:id="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-4" />
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'';
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installPhase = "mv gulpdist $out";
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}
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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<para>
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A few notes about <xref linkend="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefaultNix" />:
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<calloutlist>
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<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-1">
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<para>
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The result of <varname>buildBowerComponents</varname> is an input to the frontend build.
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</para>
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</callout>
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<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-2">
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<para>
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Whether to symlink or copy the <filename>bower_components</filename> directory depends on the build tool in use. In this case a copy is used to avoid <command>gulp</command> silliness with permissions.
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</para>
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</callout>
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<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-3">
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<para>
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<command>gulp</command> requires <varname>HOME</varname> to refer to a writeable directory.
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</para>
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</callout>
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<callout arearefs="ex-buildBowerComponentsDefault-4">
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<para>
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The actual build command. Other tools could be used.
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</para>
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</callout>
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</calloutlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="ssec-bower2nix-troubleshooting">
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<title>Troubleshooting</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>ENOCACHE</literal> errors from <varname>buildBowerComponents</varname>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This means that Bower was looking for a package version which doesn't exist in the generated <filename>bower-packages.nix</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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If <filename>bower.json</filename> has been updated, then run <command>bower2nix</command> again.
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</para>
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<para>
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It could also be a bug in <command>bower2nix</command> or <command>fetchbower</command>. If possible, try reformulating the version specification in <filename>bower.json</filename>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</section>
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</section>
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