301 lines
10 KiB
XML
301 lines
10 KiB
XML
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle><command>nixos-rebuild</command></refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo>
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<!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> -->
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname><command>nixos-rebuild</command></refname>
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<refpurpose>reconfigure a NixOS machine</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>nixos-rebuild</command>
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<group choice='req'>
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<arg choice='plain'><option>switch</option></arg>
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<arg choice='plain'><option>boot</option></arg>
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<arg choice='plain'><option>test</option></arg>
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<arg choice='plain'><option>build</option></arg>
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<arg choice='plain'><option>dry-run</option></arg>
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<arg choice='plain'><option>build-vm</option></arg>
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<arg choice='plain'><option>build-vm-with-bootloader</option></arg>
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</group>
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<sbr />
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<arg><option>--upgrade</option></arg>
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<arg><option>--install-grub</option></arg>
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<arg><option>--no-build-nix</option></arg>
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<arg><option>--fast</option></arg>
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<arg><option>--rollback</option></arg>
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<sbr />
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<arg><option>--show-trace</option></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsection><title>Description</title>
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<para>This command updates the system so that it corresponds to the
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configuration specified in
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<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. Thus, every time
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you modify <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> or any
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NixOS module, you must run <command>nixos-rebuild</command> to make
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the changes take effect. It builds the new system in
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<filename>/nix/store</filename>, runs its activation script, and stop
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and (re)starts any system services if needed.</para>
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<para>This command has one required argument, which specifies the
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desired operation. It must be one of the following:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>switch</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Build and activate the new configuration, and make it the
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boot default. That is, the configuration is added to the GRUB
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boot menu as the default meny entry, so that subsequent reboots
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will boot the system into the new configuration. Previous
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configurations activated with <command>nixos-rebuild
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switch</command> or <command>nixos-rebuild boot</command> remain
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available in the GRUB menu.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>boot</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Build the new configuration and make it the boot default
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(as with <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>), but do not
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activate it. That is, the system continues to run the previous
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configuration until the next reboot.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>test</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Build and activate the new configuration, but do not add
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it to the GRUB boot menu. Thus, if you reboot the system (or if
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it crashes), you will automatically revert to the default
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configuration (i.e. the configuration resulting from the last
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call to <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command> or
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<command>nixos-rebuild boot</command>).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>build</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Build the new configuration, but neither activate it nor
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add it to the GRUB boot menu. It leaves a symlink named
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<filename>result</filename> in the current directory, which
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points to the output of the top-level “system” derivation. This
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is essentially the same as doing
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<screen>
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$ nix-build /etc/nixos/nixos -A system
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</screen>
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Note that you do not need to be <literal>root</literal> to run
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<command>nixos-rebuild build</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>dry-run</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Simply show what store paths would be built or downloaded
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by any of the operations above.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>build-vm</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Build a script that starts a NixOS virtual machine with
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the desired configuration. It leaves a symlink
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<filename>result</filename> in the current directory that points
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(under
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<filename>result/bin/run-<replaceable>hostname</replaceable>-vm</filename>)
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at the script that starts the VM. Thus, to test a NixOS
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configuration in a virtual machine, you should do the following:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-rebuild build-vm
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$ ./result/bin/run-*-vm
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</screen></para>
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<para>The VM is implemented using the <literal>qemu</literal>
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package. For best performance, you should load the
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<literal>kvm-intel</literal> or <literal>kvm-amd</literal>
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kernel modules to get hardware virtualisation.</para>
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<para>The VM mounts the Nix store of the host through the CIFS
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filesystem. (<literal>qemu-kvm</literal> automatically starts a
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Samba daemon for this purpose.) The host Nix store is
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read-only, so Nix commands that modify the Nix store will not
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work in the VM. This includes commands such as
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<command>nixos-rebuild</command>; to change the VM’s
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configuration, you must halt the VM and re-run the commands
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above.
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</para>
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<para>The VM has its own <literal>ext3</literal> root
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filesystem, which is automatically created when the VM is first
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started, and is persistent across reboots of the VM. It is
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stored in <literal>./<replaceable>hostname</replaceable>.qcow2</literal>.
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<!-- The entire filesystem hierarchy of the host is available in the
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VM under <filename>/hostfs</filename>.--></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>build-vm-with-bootloader</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Like <option>build-vm</option>, but boots using the
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regular boot loader of your configuration (e.g., GRUB 1 or 2),
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rather than booting directly into the kernel and initial ramdisk
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of the system. This allows you to test whether the boot loader
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works correctly. However, it does not guarantee that your NixOS
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configuration will boot successfully on the host hardware (i.e.,
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after running <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>), because
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the hardware and boot loader configuration in the VM are
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different. The boot loader is installed on an automatically
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generated virtual disk containing a <filename>/boot</filename>
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partition, which is mounted read-only in the VM.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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</refsection>
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<refsection><title>Options</title>
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<para>This command accepts the following options:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--upgrade</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Fetch the latest version of NixOS from the NixOS
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channel.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--install-grub</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Causes the GRUB boot loader to be (re)installed on the
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device specified by the
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<varname>boot.loader.grub.device</varname> configuration
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option.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-build-nix</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Normally, <command>nixos-rebuild</command> first builds
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the <varname>nixUnstable</varname> attribute in Nixpkgs, and
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uses the resulting instance of the Nix package manager to build
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the new system configuration. This is necessary if the NixOS
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modules use features not provided by the currently installed
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version of Nix. This option disables building a new Nix.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--fast</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Equivalent to <option>--no-build-nix</option>
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<option>--show-trace</option>. This option is useful if you
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call <command>nixos-rebuild</command> frequently (e.g. if you’re
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hacking on a NixOS module).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--rollback</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Instead of building a new configuration as specified by
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<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>, roll back to
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the previous configuration. (The previous configuration is
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defined as the one before the “current” generation of the
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profile <filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename>.)</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>In addition, <command>nixos-rebuild</command> accepts various
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Nix-related flags, including <option>--max-jobs</option> /
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<option>-j</option>, <option>--show-trace</option>,
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<option>--keep-failed</option>, <option>--keep-going</option> and
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<option>--verbose</option> / <option>-v</option>. See
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the Nix manual for details.</para>
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</refsection>
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<refsection><title>Environment</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><envar>NIXOS_CONFIG</envar></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Path to the main NixOS configuration module. Defaults to
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<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsection>
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<refsection><title>Files</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/run/current-system</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A symlink to the currently active system configuration in
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the Nix store.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The Nix profile that contains the current and previous
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system configurations. Used to generate the GRUB boot
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menu.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsection>
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<refsection><title>Bugs</title>
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<para>This command should be renamed to something more
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descriptive.</para>
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</refsection>
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</refentry>
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