1066 lines
36 KiB
XML
1066 lines
36 KiB
XML
|
||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||
xml:id="chap-language-support">
|
||
|
||
<title>Support for specific programming languages</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>The <link linkend="chap-stdenv">standard build
|
||
environment</link> makes it easy to build typical Autotools-based
|
||
packages with very little code. Any other kind of package can be
|
||
accomodated by overriding the appropriate phases of
|
||
<literal>stdenv</literal>. However, there are specialised functions
|
||
in Nixpkgs to easily build packages for other programming languages,
|
||
such as Perl or Haskell. These are described in this chapter.</para>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-language-perl"><title>Perl</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Nixpkgs provides a function <varname>buildPerlPackage</varname>,
|
||
a generic package builder function for any Perl package that has a
|
||
standard <varname>Makefile.PL</varname>. It’s implemented in <link
|
||
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/perl-modules/generic"><filename>pkgs/development/perl-modules/generic</filename></link>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Perl packages from CPAN are defined in <link
|
||
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix"><filename>pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix</filename></link>,
|
||
rather than <filename>pkgs/all-packages.nix</filename>. Most Perl
|
||
packages are so straight-forward to build that they are defined here
|
||
directly, rather than having a separate function for each package
|
||
called from <filename>perl-packages.nix</filename>. However, more
|
||
complicated packages should be put in a separate file, typically in
|
||
<filename>pkgs/development/perl-modules</filename>. Here is an
|
||
example of the former:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
ClassC3 = buildPerlPackage rec {
|
||
name = "Class-C3-0.21";
|
||
src = fetchurl {
|
||
url = "mirror://cpan/authors/id/F/FL/FLORA/${name}.tar.gz";
|
||
sha256 = "1bl8z095y4js66pwxnm7s853pi9czala4sqc743fdlnk27kq94gz";
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
Note the use of <literal>mirror://cpan/</literal>, and the
|
||
<literal>${name}</literal> in the URL definition to ensure that the
|
||
name attribute is consistent with the source that we’re actually
|
||
downloading. Perl packages are made available in
|
||
<filename>all-packages.nix</filename> through the variable
|
||
<varname>perlPackages</varname>. For instance, if you have a package
|
||
that needs <varname>ClassC3</varname>, you would typically write
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
foo = import ../path/to/foo.nix {
|
||
inherit stdenv fetchurl ...;
|
||
inherit (perlPackages) ClassC3;
|
||
};
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>. You can test building a
|
||
Perl package as follows:
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
$ nix-build -A perlPackages.ClassC3
|
||
</screen>
|
||
|
||
<varname>buildPerlPackage</varname> adds <literal>perl-</literal> to
|
||
the start of the name attribute, so the package above is actually
|
||
called <literal>perl-Class-C3-0.21</literal>. So to install it, you
|
||
can say:
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
$ nix-env -i perl-Class-C3
|
||
</screen>
|
||
|
||
(Of course you can also install using the attribute name:
|
||
<literal>nix-env -i -A perlPackages.ClassC3</literal>.)</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>So what does <varname>buildPerlPackage</varname> do? It does
|
||
the following:
|
||
|
||
<orderedlist>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>In the configure phase, it calls <literal>perl
|
||
Makefile.PL</literal> to generate a Makefile. You can set the
|
||
variable <varname>makeMakerFlags</varname> to pass flags to
|
||
<filename>Makefile.PL</filename></para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>It adds the contents of the <envar>PERL5LIB</envar>
|
||
environment variable to <literal>#! .../bin/perl</literal> line of
|
||
Perl scripts as <literal>-I<replaceable>dir</replaceable></literal>
|
||
flags. This ensures that a script can find its
|
||
dependencies.</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>In the fixup phase, it writes the propagated build
|
||
inputs (<varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname>) to the file
|
||
<filename>$out/nix-support/propagated-user-env-packages</filename>.
|
||
<command>nix-env</command> recursively installs all packages listed
|
||
in this file when you install a package that has it. This ensures
|
||
that a Perl package can find its dependencies.</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><varname>buildPerlPackage</varname> is built on top of
|
||
<varname>stdenv</varname>, so everything can be customised in the
|
||
usual way. For instance, the <literal>BerkeleyDB</literal> module has
|
||
a <varname>preConfigure</varname> hook to generate a configuration
|
||
file used by <filename>Makefile.PL</filename>:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
{ buildPerlPackage, fetchurl, db }:
|
||
|
||
buildPerlPackage rec {
|
||
name = "BerkeleyDB-0.36";
|
||
|
||
src = fetchurl {
|
||
url = "mirror://cpan/authors/id/P/PM/PMQS/${name}.tar.gz";
|
||
sha256 = "07xf50riarb60l1h6m2dqmql8q5dij619712fsgw7ach04d8g3z1";
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
preConfigure = ''
|
||
echo "LIB = ${db}/lib" > config.in
|
||
echo "INCLUDE = ${db}/include" >> config.in
|
||
'';
|
||
}
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Dependencies on other Perl packages can be specified in the
|
||
<varname>buildInputs</varname> and
|
||
<varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname> attributes. If something is
|
||
exclusively a build-time dependency, use
|
||
<varname>buildInputs</varname>; if it’s (also) a runtime dependency,
|
||
use <varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname>. For instance, this
|
||
builds a Perl module that has runtime dependencies on a bunch of other
|
||
modules:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
ClassC3Componentised = buildPerlPackage rec {
|
||
name = "Class-C3-Componentised-1.0004";
|
||
src = fetchurl {
|
||
url = "mirror://cpan/authors/id/A/AS/ASH/${name}.tar.gz";
|
||
sha256 = "0xql73jkcdbq4q9m0b0rnca6nrlvf5hyzy8is0crdk65bynvs8q1";
|
||
};
|
||
propagatedBuildInputs = [
|
||
ClassC3 ClassInspector TestException MROCompat
|
||
];
|
||
};
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="ssec-generation-from-CPAN"><title>Generation from CPAN</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Nix expressions for Perl packages can be generated (almost)
|
||
automatically from CPAN. This is done by the program
|
||
<command>nix-generate-from-cpan</command>, which can be installed
|
||
as follows:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
$ nix-env -i nix-generate-from-cpan
|
||
</screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>This program takes a Perl module name, looks it up on CPAN,
|
||
fetches and unpacks the corresponding package, and prints a Nix
|
||
expression on standard output. For example:
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
$ nix-generate-from-cpan XML::Simple
|
||
XMLSimple = buildPerlPackage {
|
||
name = "XML-Simple-2.20";
|
||
src = fetchurl {
|
||
url = mirror://cpan/authors/id/G/GR/GRANTM/XML-Simple-2.20.tar.gz;
|
||
sha256 = "5cff13d0802792da1eb45895ce1be461903d98ec97c9c953bc8406af7294434a";
|
||
};
|
||
propagatedBuildInputs = [ XMLNamespaceSupport XMLSAX XMLSAXExpat ];
|
||
meta = {
|
||
description = "Easily read/write XML (esp config files)";
|
||
license = "perl";
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
</screen>
|
||
|
||
The output can be pasted into
|
||
<filename>pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix</filename> or wherever else
|
||
you need it.</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-python"><title>Python</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Currently supported interpreters are <varname>python26</varname>, <varname>python27</varname>,
|
||
<varname>python32</varname>, <varname>python33</varname>, <varname>python34</varname>
|
||
and <varname>pypy</varname>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
<varname>python</varname> is an alias of <varname>python27</varname> and <varname>python3</varname> is an alias of <varname>python34</varname>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
<varname>python26</varname> and <varname>python27</varname> do not include modules that require
|
||
external dependencies (to reduce dependency bloat). Following modules need to be added as
|
||
<varname>buildInput</varname> explicitly:
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.bsddb</varname></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.curses</varname></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.curses_panel</varname></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.crypt</varname></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.gdbm</varname></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.sqlite3</varname></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.tkinter</varname></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><varname>python.modules.readline</varname></para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>For convenience <varname>python27Full</varname> and <varname>python26Full</varname>
|
||
are provided with all modules included.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Python packages that
|
||
use <link xlink:href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools/"><literal>setuptools</literal></link> or <literal>distutils</literal>,
|
||
can be built using the <varname>buildPythonPackage</varname> function as documented below.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
All packages depending on any Python interpreter get appended <varname>$out/${python.libPrefix}/site-packages</varname>
|
||
to <literal>$PYTHONPATH</literal> if such directory exists.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<title>
|
||
Useful attributes on interpreters packages:
|
||
</title>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>libPrefix</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Name of the folder in <literal>${python}/lib/</literal> for corresponding interpreter.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>interpreter</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Alias for <literal>${python}/bin/${executable}.</literal>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>buildEnv</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Function to build python interpreter environments with extra packages bundled together.
|
||
See <xref linkend="ssec-python-build-env" /> for usage and documentation.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>sitePackages</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Alias for <literal>lib/${libPrefix}/site-packages</literal>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>executable</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Name of the interpreter executable, ie <literal>python3.4</literal>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
<section xml:id="ssec-build-python-package"><title><varname>buildPythonPackage</varname> function</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The function is implemented in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/python-modules/generic/default.nix">
|
||
<filename>pkgs/development/python-modules/generic/default.nix</filename></link>.
|
||
Example usage:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting language="nix">
|
||
twisted = buildPythonPackage {
|
||
name = "twisted-8.1.0";
|
||
|
||
src = pkgs.fetchurl {
|
||
url = http://tmrc.mit.edu/mirror/twisted/Twisted/8.1/Twisted-8.1.0.tar.bz2;
|
||
sha256 = "0q25zbr4xzknaghha72mq57kh53qw1bf8csgp63pm9sfi72qhirl";
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
propagatedBuildInputs = [ self.ZopeInterface ];
|
||
|
||
meta = {
|
||
homepage = http://twistedmatrix.com/;
|
||
description = "Twisted, an event-driven networking engine written in Python";
|
||
license = stdenv.lib.licenses.mit;
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
Most of Python packages that use <varname>buildPythonPackage</varname> are defined
|
||
in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix"><filename>pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix</filename></link>
|
||
and generated for each python interpreter separately into attribute sets <varname>python26Packages</varname>,
|
||
<varname>python27Packages</varname>, <varname>python32Packages</varname>, <varname>python33Packages</varname>,
|
||
<varname>python34Packages</varname> and <varname>pypyPackages</varname>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
<function>buildPythonPackage</function> mainly does four things:
|
||
|
||
<orderedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
In the <varname>configurePhase</varname>, it patches
|
||
<literal>setup.py</literal> to always include setuptools before
|
||
distutils for monkeypatching machinery to take place.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
In the <varname>buildPhase</varname>, it calls
|
||
<literal>${python.interpreter} setup.py build ...</literal>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
In the <varname>installPhase</varname>, it calls
|
||
<literal>${python.interpreter} setup.py install ...</literal>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
In the <varname>postFixup</varname> phase, <literal>wrapPythonPrograms</literal>
|
||
bash function is called to wrap all programs in <filename>$out/bin/*</filename>
|
||
directory to include <literal>$PYTHONPATH</literal> and <literal>$PATH</literal>
|
||
environment variables.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>By default <varname>doCheck = true</varname> is set and tests are run with
|
||
<literal>${python.interpreter} setup.py test</literal> command in <varname>checkPhase</varname>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
As in Perl, dependencies on other Python packages can be specified in the
|
||
<varname>buildInputs</varname> and
|
||
<varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname> attributes. If something is
|
||
exclusively a build-time dependency, use
|
||
<varname>buildInputs</varname>; if it’s (also) a runtime dependency,
|
||
use <varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
By default <varname>meta.platforms</varname> is set to the same value
|
||
as the interpreter unless overriden otherwise.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<title>
|
||
<varname>buildPythonPackage</varname> parameters
|
||
(all parameters from <varname>mkDerivation</varname> function are still supported)
|
||
</title>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>namePrefix</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Prepended text to <varname>${name}</varname> parameter.
|
||
Defaults to <literal>"python3.3-"</literal> for Python 3.3, etc. Set it to
|
||
<literal>""</literal>
|
||
if you're packaging an application or a command line tool.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>disabled</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
If <varname>true</varname>, package is not build for
|
||
particular python interpreter version. Grep around
|
||
<filename>pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix</filename>
|
||
for examples.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>setupPyInstallFlags</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
List of flags passed to <command>setup.py install</command> command.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>setupPyBuildFlags</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
List of flags passed to <command>setup.py build</command> command.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>pythonPath</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
List of packages to be added into <literal>$PYTHONPATH</literal>.
|
||
Packages in <varname>pythonPath</varname> are not propagated into user environment
|
||
(contrary to <varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname>).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>preShellHook</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Hook to execute commands before <varname>shellHook</varname>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>postShellHook</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Hook to execute commands after <varname>shellHook</varname>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>distutilsExtraCfg</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Extra lines passed to <varname>[easy_install]</varname> section of
|
||
<filename>distutils.cfg</filename> (acts as global setup.cfg
|
||
configuration).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>makeWrapperArgs</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
A list of strings. Arguments to be passed to
|
||
<varname>makeWrapper</varname>, which wraps generated binaries. By
|
||
default, the arguments to <varname>makeWrapper</varname> set
|
||
<varname>PATH</varname> and <varname>PYTHONPATH</varname> environment
|
||
variables before calling the binary. Additional arguments here can
|
||
allow a developer to set environment variables which will be
|
||
available when the binary is run. For example,
|
||
<varname>makeWrapperArgs = ["--set FOO BAR" "--set BAZ QUX"]</varname>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="ssec-python-build-env"><title><function>python.buildEnv</function> function</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Create Python environments using low-level <function>pkgs.buildEnv</function> function. Example <filename>default.nix</filename>:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting language="nix">
|
||
<![CDATA[with import <nixpkgs> {};
|
||
|
||
python.buildEnv.override {
|
||
extraLibs = [ pkgs.pythonPackages.pyramid ];
|
||
ignoreCollisions = true;
|
||
}]]>
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
Running <command>nix-build</command> will create
|
||
<filename>/nix/store/cf1xhjwzmdki7fasgr4kz6di72ykicl5-python-2.7.8-env</filename>
|
||
with wrapped binaries in <filename>bin/</filename>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
You can also use <varname>env</varname> attribute to create local
|
||
environments with needed packages installed (somewhat comparable to
|
||
<literal>virtualenv</literal>). For example, with the following
|
||
<filename>shell.nix</filename>:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting language="nix">
|
||
<![CDATA[with import <nixpkgs> {};
|
||
|
||
(python3.buildEnv.override {
|
||
extraLibs = with python3Packages;
|
||
[ numpy
|
||
requests
|
||
];
|
||
}).env]]>
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
Running <command>nix-shell</command> will drop you into a shell where
|
||
<command>python</command> will have specified packages in its path.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<title>
|
||
<function>python.buildEnv</function> arguments
|
||
</title>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>extraLibs</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
List of packages installed inside the environment.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>postBuild</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Shell command executed after the build of environment.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>ignoreCollisions</varname></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Ignore file collisions inside the environment (default is <varname>false</varname>).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="ssec-python-tools"><title>Tools</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Packages inside nixpkgs are written by hand. However many tools
|
||
exist in community to help save time. No tool is preferred at the moment.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/proger/python2nix">python2nix</link>
|
||
by Vladimir Kirillov
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/garbas/pypi2nix">pypi2nix</link>
|
||
by Rok Garbas
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/offlinehacker/pypi2nix">pypi2nix</link>
|
||
by Jaka Hudoklin
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="ssec-python-development"><title>Development</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
To develop Python packages <function>buildPythonPackage</function> has
|
||
additional logic inside <varname>shellPhase</varname> to run
|
||
<command>${python.interpreter} setup.py develop</command> for the package.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<warning><para><varname>shellPhase</varname> is executed only if <filename>setup.py</filename>
|
||
exists.</para></warning>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Given a <filename>default.nix</filename>:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting language="nix">
|
||
<![CDATA[with import <nixpkgs> {};
|
||
|
||
buildPythonPackage {
|
||
name = "myproject";
|
||
|
||
buildInputs = with pkgs.pythonPackages; [ pyramid ];
|
||
|
||
src = ./.;
|
||
}]]>
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
Running <command>nix-shell</command> with no arguments should give you
|
||
the environment in which the package would be build with
|
||
<command>nix-build</command>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Shortcut to setup environments with C headers/libraries and python packages:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting language="bash">$ nix-shell -p pythonPackages.pyramid zlib libjpeg git</programlisting>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<note><para>
|
||
There is a boolean value <varname>lib.inNixShell</varname> set to
|
||
<varname>true</varname> if nix-shell is invoked.
|
||
</para></note>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="ssec-python-faq"><title>FAQ</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>How to solve circular dependencies?</term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
If you have packages <varname>A</varname> and <varname>B</varname> that
|
||
depend on each other, when packaging <varname>B</varname> override package
|
||
<varname>A</varname> not to depend on <varname>B</varname> as input
|
||
(and also the other way around).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>install_data / data_files</varname> problems resulting into <literal>error: could not create '/nix/store/6l1bvljpy8gazlsw2aw9skwwp4pmvyxw-python-2.7.8/etc': Permission denied</literal></term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
<link xlink:href="https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/issue/130/install_data-doesnt-respect-prefix">
|
||
Known bug in setuptools <varname>install_data</varname> does not respect --prefix</link>. Example of
|
||
such package using the feature is <filename>pkgs/tools/X11/xpra/default.nix</filename>. As workaround
|
||
install it as an extra <varname>preInstall</varname> step:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>${python.interpreter} setup.py install_data --install-dir=$out --root=$out
|
||
sed -i '/ = data_files/d' setup.py</programlisting>
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>Rationale of non-existent global site-packages</term>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
There is no need to have global site-packages in Nix. Each package has isolated
|
||
dependency tree and installing any python package will only populate <varname>$PATH</varname>
|
||
inside user environment. See <xref linkend="ssec-python-build-env" /> to create self-contained
|
||
interpreter with a set of packages.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="ssec-python-contrib"><title>Contributing guidelines</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Following rules are desired to be respected:
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Make sure package builds for all python interpreters. Use <varname>disabled</varname> argument to
|
||
<function>buildPythonPackage</function> to set unsupported interpreters.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
If tests need to be disabled for a package, make sure you leave a comment about reasoning.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Packages in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix"><filename>pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix</filename></link>
|
||
are sorted quasi-alphabetically to avoid merge conflicts.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-language-ruby"><title>Ruby</title>
|
||
<para>There currently is support to bundle applications that are packaged as Ruby gems. The utility "bundix" allows you to write a <filename>Gemfile</filename>, let bundler create a <filename>Gemfile.lock</filename>, and then convert
|
||
this into a nix expression that contains all Gem dependencies automatically.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>For example, to package sensu, we did:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
<![CDATA[$ cd pkgs/servers/monitoring
|
||
$ mkdir sensu
|
||
$ cat > Gemfile
|
||
source 'https://rubygems.org'
|
||
gem 'sensu'
|
||
$ bundler package --path /tmp/vendor/bundle
|
||
$ $(nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A bundix)/bin/bundix
|
||
$ cat > default.nix
|
||
{ lib, bundlerEnv, ruby }:
|
||
|
||
bundlerEnv {
|
||
name = "sensu-0.17.1";
|
||
|
||
inherit ruby;
|
||
gemfile = ./Gemfile;
|
||
lockfile = ./Gemfile.lock;
|
||
gemset = ./gemset.nix;
|
||
|
||
meta = with lib; {
|
||
description = "A monitoring framework that aims to be simple, malleable,
|
||
and scalable.";
|
||
homepage = http://sensuapp.org/;
|
||
license = with licenses; mit;
|
||
maintainers = with maintainers; [ theuni ];
|
||
platforms = platforms.unix;
|
||
};
|
||
}]]>
|
||
</screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>Please check in the <filename>Gemfile</filename>, <filename>Gemfile.lock</filename> and the <filename>gemset.nix</filename> so future updates can be run easily.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-language-go"><title>Go</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>The function <varname>buildGoPackage</varname> builds
|
||
standard Go packages.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<example xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage'><title>buildGoPackage</title>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
net = buildGoPackage rec {
|
||
name = "go.net-${rev}";
|
||
goPackagePath = "golang.org/x/net"; <co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-1' />
|
||
subPackages = [ "ipv4" "ipv6" ]; <co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-2' />
|
||
rev = "e0403b4e005";
|
||
src = fetchFromGitHub {
|
||
inherit rev;
|
||
owner = "golang";
|
||
repo = "net";
|
||
sha256 = "1g7cjzw4g4301a3yqpbk8n1d4s97sfby2aysl275x04g0zh8jxqp";
|
||
};
|
||
goPackageAliases = [ "code.google.com/p/go.net" ]; <co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-3' />
|
||
propagatedBuildInputs = [ goPackages.text ]; <co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-4' />
|
||
buildFlags = "--tags release"; <co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-5' />
|
||
disabled = isGo13;<co xml:id='ex-buildGoPackage-6' />
|
||
};
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<para><xref linkend='ex-buildGoPackage'/> is an example expression using buildGoPackage,
|
||
the following arguments are of special significance to the function:
|
||
|
||
<calloutlist>
|
||
|
||
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-1'>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<varname>goPackagePath</varname> specifies the package's canonical Go import path.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</callout>
|
||
|
||
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-2'>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<varname>subPackages</varname> limits the builder from building child packages that
|
||
have not been listed. If <varname>subPackages</varname> is not specified, all child
|
||
packages will be built.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
In this example only <literal>code.google.com/p/go.net/ipv4</literal> and
|
||
<literal>code.google.com/p/go.net/ipv6</literal> will be built.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</callout>
|
||
|
||
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-3'>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<varname>goPackageAliases</varname> is a list of alternative import paths
|
||
that are valid for this library.
|
||
Packages that depend on this library will automatically rename
|
||
import paths that match any of the aliases to <literal>goPackagePath</literal>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
In this example imports will be renamed from
|
||
<literal>code.google.com/p/go.net</literal> to
|
||
<literal>golang.org/x/net</literal> in every package that depend on the
|
||
<literal>go.net</literal> library.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</callout>
|
||
|
||
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-4'>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname> is where the dependencies of a Go library are
|
||
listed. Only libraries should list <varname>propagatedBuildInputs</varname>. If a standalone
|
||
program is being built instead, use <varname>buildInputs</varname>. If a library's tests require
|
||
additional dependencies that are not propagated, they should be listed in <varname>buildInputs</varname>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</callout>
|
||
|
||
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-5'>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<varname>buildFlags</varname> is a list of flags passed to the go build command.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</callout>
|
||
|
||
<callout arearefs='ex-buildGoPackage-6'>
|
||
<para>
|
||
If <varname>disabled</varname> is <literal>true</literal>,
|
||
nix will refuse to build this package.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
In this example the package will not be built for go 1.3. The <literal>isGo13</literal>
|
||
is an utility function that returns <literal>true</literal> if go used to build the
|
||
package has version 1.3.x.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</callout>
|
||
|
||
</calloutlist>
|
||
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Reusable Go libraries may be found in the <varname>goPackages</varname> set. You can test
|
||
build a Go package as follows:
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
$ nix-build -A goPackages.net
|
||
</screen>
|
||
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
You may use Go packages installed into the active Nix profiles by adding
|
||
the following to your ~/.bashrc:
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
for p in $NIX_PROFILES; do
|
||
GOPATH="$p/share/go:$GOPATH"
|
||
done
|
||
</screen>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>To extract dependency information from a Go package in automated way use <link xlink:href="https://github.com/cstrahan/go2nix">go2nix</link>.</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-language-java"><title>Java</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Ant-based Java packages are typically built from source as follows:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
stdenv.mkDerivation {
|
||
name = "...";
|
||
src = fetchurl { ... };
|
||
|
||
buildInputs = [ jdk ant ];
|
||
|
||
buildPhase = "ant";
|
||
}
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
Note that <varname>jdk</varname> is an alias for the OpenJDK.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>JAR files that are intended to be used by other packages should
|
||
be installed in <filename>$out/share/java</filename>. The OpenJDK has
|
||
a stdenv setup hook that adds any JARs in the
|
||
<filename>share/java</filename> directories of the build inputs to the
|
||
<envar>CLASSPATH</envar> environment variable. For instance, if the
|
||
package <literal>libfoo</literal> installs a JAR named
|
||
<filename>foo.jar</filename> in its <filename>share/java</filename>
|
||
directory, and another package declares the attribute
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
buildInputs = [ jdk libfoo ];
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
then <envar>CLASSPATH</envar> will be set to
|
||
<filename>/nix/store/...-libfoo/share/java/foo.jar</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Private JARs
|
||
should be installed in a location like
|
||
<filename>$out/share/<replaceable>package-name</replaceable></filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If your Java package provides a program, you need to generate a
|
||
wrapper script to run it using the OpenJRE. You can use
|
||
<literal>makeWrapper</literal> for this:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
buildInputs = [ makeWrapper ];
|
||
|
||
installPhase =
|
||
''
|
||
mkdir -p $out/bin
|
||
makeWrapper ${jre}/bin/java $out/bin/foo \
|
||
--add-flags "-cp $out/share/java/foo.jar org.foo.Main"
|
||
'';
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
Note the use of <literal>jre</literal>, which is the part of the
|
||
OpenJDK package that contains the Java Runtime Environment. By using
|
||
<literal>${jre}/bin/java</literal> instead of
|
||
<literal>${jdk}/bin/java</literal>, you prevent your package from
|
||
depending on the JDK at runtime.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>It is possible to use a different Java compiler than
|
||
<command>javac</command> from the OpenJDK. For instance, to use the
|
||
Eclipse Java Compiler:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
buildInputs = [ jre ant ecj ];
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
(Note that here you don’t need the full JDK as an input, but just the
|
||
JRE.) The ECJ has a stdenv setup hook that sets some environment
|
||
variables to cause Ant to use ECJ, but this doesn’t work with all Ant
|
||
files. Similarly, you can use the GNU Java Compiler:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
buildInputs = [ gcj ant ];
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
Here, Ant will automatically use <command>gij</command> (the GNU Java
|
||
Runtime) instead of the OpenJRE.</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-language-lua"><title>Lua</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Lua packages are built by the <varname>buildLuaPackage</varname> function. This function is
|
||
implemented
|
||
in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/lua-modules/generic/default.nix">
|
||
<filename>pkgs/development/lua-modules/generic/default.nix</filename></link>
|
||
and works similarly to <varname>buildPerlPackage</varname>. (See
|
||
<xref linkend="sec-language-perl"/> for details.)
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Lua packages are defined
|
||
in <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/top-level/lua-packages.nix"><filename>pkgs/top-level/lua-packages.nix</filename></link>.
|
||
Most of them are simple. For example:
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
fileSystem = buildLuaPackage {
|
||
name = "filesystem-1.6.2";
|
||
src = fetchurl {
|
||
url = "https://github.com/keplerproject/luafilesystem/archive/v1_6_2.tar.gz";
|
||
sha256 = "1n8qdwa20ypbrny99vhkmx8q04zd2jjycdb5196xdhgvqzk10abz";
|
||
};
|
||
meta = {
|
||
homepage = "https://github.com/keplerproject/luafilesystem";
|
||
hydraPlatforms = stdenv.lib.platforms.linux;
|
||
maintainers = with maintainers; [ flosse ];
|
||
};
|
||
};
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
Though, more complicated package should be placed in a seperate file in
|
||
<link
|
||
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/lua-modules"><filename>pkgs/development/lua-modules</filename></link>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Lua packages accept additional parameter <varname>disabled</varname>, which defines
|
||
the condition of disabling package from luaPackages. For example, if package has
|
||
<varname>disabled</varname> assigned to <literal>lua.luaversion != "5.1"</literal>,
|
||
it will not be included in any luaPackages except lua51Packages, making it
|
||
only be built for lua 5.1.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-language-coq"><title>Coq</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Coq libraries should be installed in
|
||
<literal>$(out)/lib/coq/${coq.coq-version}/user-contrib/</literal>.
|
||
Such directories are automatically added to the
|
||
<literal>$COQPATH</literal> environment variable by the hook defined
|
||
in the Coq derivation.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Some libraries require OCaml and sometimes also Camlp5. The exact
|
||
versions that were used to build Coq are saved in the
|
||
<literal>coq.ocaml</literal> and <literal>coq.camlp5</literal>
|
||
attributes.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Here is a simple package example. It is a pure Coq library, thus it
|
||
only depends on Coq. Its <literal>makefile</literal> has been
|
||
generated using <literal>coq_makefile</literal> so we only have to
|
||
set the <literal>$COQLIB</literal> variable at install time.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<programlisting>
|
||
{stdenv, fetchurl, coq}:
|
||
stdenv.mkDerivation {
|
||
src = fetchurl {
|
||
url = http://coq.inria.fr/pylons/contribs/files/Karatsuba/v8.4/Karatsuba.tar.gz;
|
||
sha256 = "0ymfpv4v49k4fm63nq6gcl1hbnnxrvjjp7yzc4973n49b853c5b1";
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
name = "coq-karatsuba";
|
||
|
||
buildInputs = [ coq ];
|
||
|
||
installFlags = "COQLIB=$(out)/lib/coq/${coq.coq-version}/";
|
||
}
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-language-qt"><title>Qt</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>The information in this section applies to Qt 5.5 and later.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Qt is an application development toolkit for C++. Although it is
|
||
not a distinct programming language, there are special considerations
|
||
for packaging Qt-based programs and libraries. A small set of tools
|
||
and conventions has grown out of these considerations.</para>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="ssec-qt-libraries"><title>Libraries</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Packages that provide libraries should be listed in
|
||
<varname>qt5LibsFun</varname> so that the library is built with each
|
||
Qt version. A set of packages is provided for each version of Qt; for
|
||
example, <varname>qt5Libs</varname> always provides libraries built
|
||
with the latest version, <varname>qt55Libs</varname> provides
|
||
libraries built with Qt 5.5, and so on. To avoid version conflicts, no
|
||
top-level attributes are created for these packages.</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="ssec-qt-programs"><title>Programs</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Application packages do not need to be built with every Qt
|
||
version. To ensure consistency between the package's dependencies,
|
||
call the package with <literal>qt5Libs.callPackage</literal> instead
|
||
of the usual <literal>callPackage</literal>. An older version may be
|
||
selected in case of incompatibility. For example, to build with Qt
|
||
5.5, call the package with
|
||
<literal>qt55Libs.callPackage</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Several environment variables must be set at runtime for Qt
|
||
applications to function correctly, including:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para><envar>QT_PLUGIN_PATH</envar></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><envar>QML_IMPORT_PATH</envar></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><envar>QML2_IMPORT_PATH</envar></para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><envar>XDG_DATA_DIRS</envar></para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>To ensure that these are set correctly, the program must be wrapped by
|
||
invoking <literal>wrapQtProgram <replaceable>program</replaceable></literal>
|
||
during installation (for example, during
|
||
<literal>fixupPhase</literal>). <literal>wrapQtProgram</literal>
|
||
accepts the same options as <literal>makeWrapper</literal>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="ssec-qt-kde"><title>KDE</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Many of the considerations above also apply to KDE packages,
|
||
especially the need to set the correct environment variables at
|
||
runtime. To ensure that this is done, invoke <literal>wrapKDEProgram
|
||
<replaceable>program</replaceable></literal> during
|
||
installation. <literal>wrapKDEProgram</literal> also generates a
|
||
<literal>ksycoca</literal> database so that required data and services
|
||
can be found. Like its Qt counterpart,
|
||
<literal>wrapKDEProgram</literal> accepts the same options as
|
||
<literal>makeWrapper</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
<section><title>Haskell</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>TODO</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<section><title>TeX / LaTeX</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>* Special support for building TeX documents</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</chapter>
|