diff --git a/pkgs/development/python-modules/libcst/default.nix b/pkgs/development/python-modules/libcst/default.nix
index 774cb572e95b..ebbc17c6ea82 100644
--- a/pkgs/development/python-modules/libcst/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/development/python-modules/libcst/default.nix
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
 , fetchFromGitHub
 , hypothesis
 , isort
-, pytest
+, pytestCheckHook
 , python
 , pythonOlder
 , pyyaml
+, rustPlatform
+, setuptools-rust
 , setuptools-scm
 , typing-extensions
 , typing-inspect
@@ -16,8 +18,8 @@
 
 buildPythonPackage rec {
   pname = "libcst";
-  version = "0.3.23";
-  format = "setuptools";
+  version = "0.4.1";
+  format = "pyproject";
 
   disabled = pythonOlder "3.6";
 
@@ -25,9 +27,18 @@ buildPythonPackage rec {
     owner = "instagram";
     repo = pname;
     rev = "v${version}";
-    sha256 = "1r4aiqpndqa75119faknsghi7zxyjrx5r6i7cb3d0liwiqrkzrvx";
+    sha256 = "sha256-soAlt1KBpCn5JxM1b2LZ3vOpBn9HPGdbm+BBYbyEkfE=";
   };
 
+  cargoDeps = rustPlatform.fetchCargoTarball {
+    inherit src;
+    sourceRoot = "source/${cargoRoot}";
+    name = "${pname}-${version}";
+    hash = "sha256:1rz1c0dv3f1h2m5hwdisl3rbqnmifbva4f0c4vygk7rh1q27l515";
+  };
+
+  cargoRoot = "native";
+
   postPatch = ''
     # test try to format files, which isn't necessary when consuming releases
     sed -i libcst/codegen/generate.py \
@@ -37,8 +48,10 @@ buildPythonPackage rec {
   SETUPTOOLS_SCM_PRETEND_VERSION = version;
 
   nativeBuildInputs = [
+    setuptools-rust
     setuptools-scm
-  ];
+    rustPlatform.cargoSetupHook
+  ] ++ (with rustPlatform; [ rust.cargo rust.rustc ]);
 
   propagatedBuildInputs = [
     hypothesis
@@ -52,7 +65,7 @@ buildPythonPackage rec {
   checkInputs = [
     black
     isort
-    pytest
+    pytestCheckHook
   ];
 
   preCheck = ''