diff --git a/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix b/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix
index ced2687ed9a4..5c364e52fe6b 100644
--- a/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix
+++ b/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix
@@ -645,6 +645,7 @@ in {
   systemd-confinement = handleTest ./systemd-confinement.nix {};
   systemd-coredump = handleTest ./systemd-coredump.nix {};
   systemd-cryptenroll = handleTest ./systemd-cryptenroll.nix {};
+  systemd-credentials-tpm2 = handleTest ./systemd-credentials-tpm2.nix {};
   systemd-escaping = handleTest ./systemd-escaping.nix {};
   systemd-initrd-btrfs-raid = handleTest ./systemd-initrd-btrfs-raid.nix {};
   systemd-initrd-luks-fido2 = handleTest ./systemd-initrd-luks-fido2.nix {};
diff --git a/nixos/tests/systemd-credentials-tpm2.nix b/nixos/tests/systemd-credentials-tpm2.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d2dc1fd7b615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/tests/systemd-credentials-tpm2.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import ./make-test-python.nix ({ lib, pkgs, system, ... }:
+
+let
+  tpmSocketPath = "/tmp/swtpm-sock";
+  tpmDeviceModels = {
+    x86_64-linux = "tpm-tis";
+    aarch64-linux = "tpm-tis-device";
+  };
+in
+
+{
+  name = "systemd-credentials-tpm2";
+
+  meta = {
+    maintainers = with pkgs.lib.maintainers; [ tmarkus ];
+  };
+
+  nodes.machine = { pkgs, ... }: {
+    virtualisation = {
+      qemu.options = [
+        "-chardev socket,id=chrtpm,path=${tpmSocketPath}"
+        "-tpmdev emulator,id=tpm_dev_0,chardev=chrtpm"
+        "-device ${tpmDeviceModels.${system}},tpmdev=tpm_dev_0"
+      ];
+    };
+
+    boot.initrd.availableKernelModules = [ "tpm_tis" ];
+
+    environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [ diffutils ];
+  };
+
+  testScript = ''
+    import subprocess
+    from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
+
+    # From systemd-initrd-luks-tpm2.nix
+    class Tpm:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.state_dir = TemporaryDirectory()
+            self.start()
+
+        def start(self):
+            self.proc = subprocess.Popen(["${pkgs.swtpm}/bin/swtpm",
+                "socket",
+                "--tpmstate", f"dir={self.state_dir.name}",
+                "--ctrl", "type=unixio,path=${tpmSocketPath}",
+                "--tpm2",
+                ])
+
+            # Check whether starting swtpm failed
+            try:
+                exit_code = self.proc.wait(timeout=0.2)
+                if exit_code is not None and exit_code != 0:
+                    raise Exception("failed to start swtpm")
+            except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+                pass
+
+        """Check whether the swtpm process exited due to an error"""
+        def check(self):
+            exit_code = self.proc.poll()
+            if exit_code is not None and exit_code != 0:
+                raise Exception("swtpm process died")
+
+    CRED_NAME = "testkey"
+    CRED_RAW_FILE = f"/root/{CRED_NAME}"
+    CRED_FILE = f"/root/{CRED_NAME}.cred"
+
+    def systemd_run(machine, cmd):
+        machine.log(f"Executing command (via systemd-run): \"{cmd}\"")
+
+        (status, out) = machine.execute( " ".join([
+            "systemd-run",
+            "--service-type=exec",
+            "--quiet",
+            "--wait",
+            "-E PATH=\"$PATH\"",
+            "-p StandardOutput=journal",
+            "-p StandardError=journal",
+            f"-p LoadCredentialEncrypted={CRED_NAME}:{CRED_FILE}",
+            f"$SHELL -c '{cmd}'"
+            ]) )
+
+        if status != 0:
+            raise Exception(f"systemd_run failed (status {status})")
+
+        machine.log("systemd-run finished successfully")
+
+    tpm = Tpm()
+
+    @polling_condition
+    def swtpm_running():
+        tpm.check()
+
+    machine.wait_for_unit("multi-user.target")
+
+    with subtest("Check whether TPM device exists"):
+        machine.succeed("test -e /dev/tpm0")
+        machine.succeed("test -e /dev/tpmrm0")
+
+    with subtest("Check whether systemd-creds detects TPM2 correctly"):
+        cmd = "systemd-creds has-tpm2"
+        machine.log(f"Running \"{cmd}\"")
+        (status, _) = machine.execute(cmd)
+
+        # Check exit code equals 0 or 1 (1 means firmware support is missing, which is OK here)
+        if status != 0 and status != 1:
+            raise Exception("systemd-creds failed to detect TPM2")
+
+    with subtest("Encrypt credential using systemd-creds"):
+        machine.succeed(f"dd if=/dev/urandom of={CRED_RAW_FILE} bs=1k count=16")
+        machine.succeed(f"systemd-creds --with-key=host+tpm2 encrypt --name=testkey {CRED_RAW_FILE} {CRED_FILE}")
+
+    with subtest("Write provided credential and check for equality"):
+        CRED_OUT_FILE = f"/root/{CRED_NAME}.out"
+        systemd_run(machine, f"systemd-creds cat testkey > {CRED_OUT_FILE}")
+        machine.succeed(f"cmp --silent -- {CRED_RAW_FILE} {CRED_OUT_FILE}")
+
+    with subtest("Check whether systemd service can see credential in systemd-creds list"):
+        systemd_run(machine, f"systemd-creds list | grep {CRED_NAME}")
+
+    with subtest("Check whether systemd service can access credential in $CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY"):
+        systemd_run(machine, f"cmp --silent -- $CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY/{CRED_NAME} {CRED_RAW_FILE}")
+  '';
+})