Merge pull request #47697 from samueldr/fix/47602-new-partitioning-steps
Manual: reviews partitioning steps
This commit is contained in:
Graham Christensen
GitHub
commit
a8878f4aef
3 changed files with 421 additions and 338 deletions
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ all: manual-combined.xml format
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.PHONY: debug
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.PHONY: debug
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debug: generated manual-combined.xml
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debug: generated manual-combined.xml
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manual-combined.xml: generated *.xml
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manual-combined.xml: generated *.xml **/*.xml
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rm -f ./manual-combined.xml
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rm -f ./manual-combined.xml
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nix-shell --packages xmloscopy \
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nix-shell --packages xmloscopy \
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--run "xmloscopy --docbook5 ./manual.xml ./manual-combined.xml"
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--run "xmloscopy --docbook5 ./manual.xml ./manual-combined.xml"
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@ -9,13 +9,12 @@
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For systems without CD drive, the NixOS live CD can be booted from a USB
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For systems without CD drive, the NixOS live CD can be booted from a USB
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stick. You can use the <command>dd</command> utility to write the image:
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stick. You can use the <command>dd</command> utility to write the image:
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<command>dd if=<replaceable>path-to-image</replaceable>
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<command>dd if=<replaceable>path-to-image</replaceable>
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of=<replaceable>/dev/sdb</replaceable></command>. Be careful about specifying
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of=<replaceable>/dev/sdX</replaceable></command>. Be careful about specifying
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the correct drive; you can use the <command>lsblk</command> command to get a
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the correct drive; you can use the <command>lsblk</command> command to get a
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list of block devices.
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list of block devices.
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</para>
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<note>
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<title>On macOS</title>
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<para>
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<para>
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On macOS:
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<programlisting>
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<programlisting>
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$ diskutil list
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$ diskutil list
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[..]
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[..]
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@ -26,43 +25,16 @@ $ diskutil unmountDisk diskN
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Unmount of all volumes on diskN was successful
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Unmount of all volumes on diskN was successful
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$ sudo dd bs=1m if=nix.iso of=/dev/rdiskN
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$ sudo dd bs=1m if=nix.iso of=/dev/rdiskN
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</programlisting>
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</programlisting>
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Using the 'raw' <command>rdiskN</command> device instead of
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Using the 'raw' <command>rdiskN</command> device instead of
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<command>diskN</command> completes in minutes instead of hours. After
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<command>diskN</command> completes in minutes instead of hours. After
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<command>dd</command> completes, a GUI dialog "The disk you inserted was not
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<command>dd</command> completes, a GUI dialog "The disk you inserted was
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readable by this computer" will pop up, which can be ignored.
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not readable by this computer" will pop up, which can be ignored.
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</para>
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</note>
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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The <command>dd</command> utility will write the image verbatim to the drive,
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The <command>dd</command> utility will write the image verbatim to the drive,
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making it the recommended option for both UEFI and non-UEFI installations.
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making it the recommended option for both UEFI and non-UEFI installations.
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For non-UEFI installations, you can alternatively use
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<link xlink:href="http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/">unetbootin</link>. If
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you cannot use <command>dd</command> for a UEFI installation, you can also
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mount the ISO, copy its contents verbatim to your drive, then either:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Change the label of the disk partition to the label of the ISO (visible
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with the blkid command), or
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Edit <filename>loader/entries/nixos-livecd.conf</filename> on the drive
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and change the <literal>root=</literal> field in the
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<literal>options</literal> line to point to your drive (see the
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documentation on <literal>root=</literal> in
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<link xlink:href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt">
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the kernel documentation</link> for more details).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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If you want to load the contents of the ISO to ram after bootin (So you
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can remove the stick after bootup) you can append the parameter
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<literal>copytoram</literal> to the <literal>options</literal> field.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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@ -4,60 +4,46 @@
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version="5.0"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="sec-installation">
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xml:id="sec-installation">
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<title>Installing NixOS</title>
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<title>Installing NixOS</title>
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<para>
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<section xml:id="sec-installation-booting">
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NixOS can be installed on BIOS or UEFI systems. The procedure for a UEFI
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<title>Booting the system</title>
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installation is by and large the same as a BIOS installation. The differences
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are mentioned in the steps that follow.
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<para>
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</para>
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NixOS can be installed on BIOS or UEFI systems. The procedure for a UEFI
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<orderedlist>
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installation is by and large the same as a BIOS installation. The
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<listitem>
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differences are mentioned in the steps that follow.
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<para>
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</para>
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Boot from the CD.
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</para>
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<para>
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<variablelist>
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The installation media can be burned to a CD, or now more commonly, "burned"
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<varlistentry>
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to a USB drive (see <xref linkend="sec-booting-from-usb"/>).
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<term>
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</para>
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UEFI systems
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</term>
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<para>
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<listitem>
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The installation media contains a basic NixOS installation. When it’s
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<para>
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finished booting, it should have detected most of your hardware.
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You should boot the live CD in UEFI mode (consult your specific
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</para>
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hardware's documentation for instructions). You may find the
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<link xlink:href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind">rEFInd boot
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<para>
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manager</link> useful.
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The NixOS manual is available on virtual console 8 (press Alt+F8 to access)
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</para>
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or by running <command>nixos-help</command>.
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</listitem>
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</para>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>
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</listitem>
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You are logged-in automatically as <literal>root</literal>. (The
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<listitem>
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<literal>root</literal> user account has an empty password.)
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<para>
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</para>
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The CD contains a basic NixOS installation. (It also contains Memtest86+,
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useful if you want to test new hardware). When it’s finished booting, it
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<para>
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should have detected most of your hardware.
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If you downloaded the graphical ISO image, you can run <command>systemctl
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</para>
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start display-manager</command> to start KDE. If you want to continue on the
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</listitem>
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terminal, you can use <command>loadkeys</command> to switch to your
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<listitem>
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preferred keyboard layout. (We even provide neo2 via <command>loadkeys de
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<para>
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neo</command>!)
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The NixOS manual is available on virtual console 8 (press Alt+F8 to access)
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</para>
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or by running <command>nixos-help</command>.
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</para>
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<section xml:id="sec-installation-booting-networking">
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</listitem>
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<title>Networking in the installer</title>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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You get logged in as <literal>root</literal> (with empty password).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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If you downloaded the graphical ISO image, you can run <command>systemctl
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start display-manager</command> to start KDE. If you want to continue on
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the terminal, you can use <command>loadkeys</command> to switch to your
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preferred keyboard layout. (We even provide neo2 via <command>loadkeys de
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neo</command>!)
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<para>
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The boot process should have brought up networking (check <command>ip
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The boot process should have brought up networking (check <command>ip
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a</command>). Networking is necessary for the installer, since it will
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a</command>). Networking is necessary for the installer, since it will
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@ -65,58 +51,165 @@
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binaries). It’s best if you have a DHCP server on your network. Otherwise
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binaries). It’s best if you have a DHCP server on your network. Otherwise
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configure networking manually using <command>ifconfig</command>.
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configure networking manually using <command>ifconfig</command>.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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To manually configure the network on the graphical installer, first disable
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To manually configure the network on the graphical installer, first disable
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network-manager with <command>systemctl stop network-manager</command>.
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network-manager with <command>systemctl stop network-manager</command>.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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To manually configure the wifi on the minimal installer, run
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To manually configure the wifi on the minimal installer, run
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<command>wpa_supplicant -B -i interface -c <(wpa_passphrase 'SSID'
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<command>wpa_supplicant -B -i interface -c <(wpa_passphrase 'SSID'
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'key')</command>.
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'key')</command>.
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</para>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<para>
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If you would like to continue the installation from a different machine you
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If you would like to continue the installation from a different machine you
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need to activate the SSH daemon via <literal>systemctl start
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need to activate the SSH daemon via <literal>systemctl start
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sshd</literal>. In order to be able to login you also need to set a
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sshd</literal>. In order to be able to login you also need to set a
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password for <literal>root</literal> using <literal>passwd</literal>.
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password for <literal>root</literal> using <literal>passwd</literal>.
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</para>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</section>
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<listitem>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning">
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<title>Partitioning and formatting</title>
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<para>
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The NixOS installer doesn’t do any partitioning or formatting, so you need
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to do that yourself.
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</para>
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<para>
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The NixOS installer ships with multiple partitioning tools. The examples
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below use <command>parted</command>, but also provides
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<command>fdisk</command>, <command>gdisk</command>,
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<command>cfdisk</command>, and <command>cgdisk</command>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The recommended partition scheme differs depending if the computer uses
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<emphasis>Legacy Boot</emphasis> or <emphasis>UEFI</emphasis>.
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</para>
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<section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning-UEFI">
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<title>UEFI (GPT)</title>
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<para>
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<para>
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||||||
The NixOS installer doesn’t do any partitioning or formatting yet, so you
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Here's an example partition scheme for UEFI, using
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need to do that yourself. Use the following commands:
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<filename>/dev/sda</filename> as the device.
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<itemizedlist>
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<note>
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||||||
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<para>
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||||||
|
You can safely ignore <command>parted</command>'s informational message
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||||||
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about needing to update /etc/fstab.
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||||||
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</para>
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||||||
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</note>
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||||||
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</para>
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||||||
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|
<para>
|
||||||
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<orderedlist>
|
||||||
<listitem>
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<listitem>
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||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
For partitioning: <command>fdisk</command>.
|
Create a <emphasis>GPT</emphasis> partition table.
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<screen>
|
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt</screen>
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# fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
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|
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-- for UEFI systems only
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> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /boot)</lineannotation>
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> 3 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 3)</lineannotation>
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||||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
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||||||
> +512M # <lineannotation>(the size of the UEFI boot partition)</lineannotation>
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||||||
> t # <lineannotation>(change the partition type ...)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> 3 # <lineannotation>(... of the boot partition ...)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> 1 # <lineannotation>(... to 'UEFI System')</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
-- for BIOS or UEFI systems
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|
||||||
> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /swap)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> 2 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 2)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> +8G # <lineannotation>(the size of the swap partition, set to whatever you like)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> 1 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 1)</lineannotation>
|
|
||||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default and use the rest of the remaining space)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> a # <lineannotation>(make the partition bootable)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> x # <lineannotation>(enter expert mode)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> f # <lineannotation>(fix up the partition ordering)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> r # <lineannotation>(exit expert mode)</lineannotation>
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|
||||||
> w # <lineannotation>(write the partition table to disk and exit)</lineannotation></screen>
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|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Add a <emphasis>swap</emphasis> partition. The size required will vary
|
||||||
|
according to needs, here a 8GiB one is created. The space left in front
|
||||||
|
(512MiB) will be used by the boot partition.
|
||||||
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<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap 512MiB 8.5GiB</screen>
|
||||||
|
<note>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
The swap partition size rules are no different than for other Linux
|
||||||
|
distributions.
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</note>
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Next, add the <emphasis>root</emphasis> partition. This will fill the
|
||||||
|
remainder ending part of the disk.
|
||||||
|
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 8.5GiB -1MiB</screen>
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Finally, the <emphasis>boot</emphasis> partition. NixOS by default uses
|
||||||
|
the ESP (EFI system partition) as its <emphasis>/boot</emphasis>
|
||||||
|
partition. It uses the initially reserved 512MiB at the start of the
|
||||||
|
disk.
|
||||||
|
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart ESP fat32 1M 512MiB
|
||||||
|
# parted /dev/sda -- set 3 boot on</screen>
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
</orderedlist>
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Once complete, you can follow with
|
||||||
|
<xref linkend="sec-installation-partitioning-formatting"/>.
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning-MBR">
|
||||||
|
<title>Legacy Boot (MBR)</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Here's an example partition scheme for Legacy Boot, using
|
||||||
|
<filename>/dev/sda</filename> as the device.
|
||||||
|
<note>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
You can safely ignore <command>parted</command>'s informational message
|
||||||
|
about needing to update /etc/fstab.
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</note>
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
<orderedlist>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Create a <emphasis>MBR</emphasis> partition table.
|
||||||
|
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mklabel msdos</screen>
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Add a <emphasis>swap</emphasis> partition. The size required will vary
|
||||||
|
according to needs, here a 8GiB one is created.
|
||||||
|
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap 1M 8GiB</screen>
|
||||||
|
<note>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
The swap partition size rules are no different than for other Linux
|
||||||
|
distributions.
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</note>
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Finally, add the <emphasis>root</emphasis> partition. This will fill the
|
||||||
|
remainder of the disk.
|
||||||
|
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 8GiB -1s</screen>
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
</orderedlist>
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Once complete, you can follow with
|
||||||
|
<xref linkend="sec-installation-partitioning-formatting"/>.
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning-formatting">
|
||||||
|
<title>Formatting</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Use the following commands:
|
||||||
|
<itemizedlist>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
For initialising Ext4 partitions: <command>mkfs.ext4</command>. It is
|
For initialising Ext4 partitions: <command>mkfs.ext4</command>. It is
|
||||||
|
|
@ -169,242 +262,249 @@
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
</itemizedlist>
|
</itemizedlist>
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</section>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
</section>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<section xml:id="sec-installation-installing">
|
||||||
Mount the target file system on which NixOS should be installed on
|
<title>Installing</title>
|
||||||
<filename>/mnt</filename>, e.g.
|
|
||||||
|
<orderedlist>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Mount the target file system on which NixOS should be installed on
|
||||||
|
<filename>/mnt</filename>, e.g.
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
|
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
|
||||||
</screen>
|
</screen>
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
<variablelist>
|
<variablelist>
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
<varlistentry>
|
||||||
<term>
|
<term>
|
||||||
UEFI systems
|
UEFI systems
|
||||||
</term>
|
</term>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
Mount the boot file system on <filename>/mnt/boot</filename>, e.g.
|
Mount the boot file system on <filename>/mnt/boot</filename>, e.g.
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
# mkdir -p /mnt/boot
|
# mkdir -p /mnt/boot
|
||||||
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot
|
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot
|
||||||
</screen>
|
</screen>
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
</varlistentry>
|
||||||
</variablelist>
|
</variablelist>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
If your machine has a limited amount of memory, you may want to activate
|
If your machine has a limited amount of memory, you may want to activate
|
||||||
swap devices now (<command>swapon
|
swap devices now (<command>swapon
|
||||||
<replaceable>device</replaceable></command>). The installer (or rather, the
|
<replaceable>device</replaceable></command>). The installer (or rather,
|
||||||
build actions that it may spawn) may need quite a bit of RAM, depending on
|
the build actions that it may spawn) may need quite a bit of RAM,
|
||||||
your configuration.
|
depending on your configuration.
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
# swapon /dev/sda2</screen>
|
# swapon /dev/sda2</screen>
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
You now need to create a file
|
You now need to create a file
|
||||||
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> that specifies the
|
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> that specifies the
|
||||||
intended configuration of the system. This is because NixOS has a
|
intended configuration of the system. This is because NixOS has a
|
||||||
<emphasis>declarative</emphasis> configuration model: you create or edit a
|
<emphasis>declarative</emphasis> configuration model: you create or edit a
|
||||||
description of the desired configuration of your system, and then NixOS
|
description of the desired configuration of your system, and then NixOS
|
||||||
takes care of making it happen. The syntax of the NixOS configuration file
|
takes care of making it happen. The syntax of the NixOS configuration file
|
||||||
is described in <xref linkend="sec-configuration-syntax"/>, while a list of
|
is described in <xref linkend="sec-configuration-syntax"/>, while a list
|
||||||
available configuration options appears in
|
of available configuration options appears in
|
||||||
<xref
|
<xref
|
||||||
linkend="ch-options"/>. A minimal example is shown in
|
linkend="ch-options"/>. A minimal example is shown in
|
||||||
<xref
|
<xref
|
||||||
linkend="ex-config"/>.
|
linkend="ex-config"/>.
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
The command <command>nixos-generate-config</command> can generate an
|
The command <command>nixos-generate-config</command> can generate an
|
||||||
initial configuration file for you:
|
initial configuration file for you:
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt</screen>
|
# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt</screen>
|
||||||
You should then edit <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>
|
You should then edit <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>
|
||||||
to suit your needs:
|
to suit your needs:
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
||||||
</screen>
|
</screen>
|
||||||
If you’re using the graphical ISO image, other editors may be available
|
If you’re using the graphical ISO image, other editors may be available
|
||||||
(such as <command>vim</command>). If you have network access, you can also
|
(such as <command>vim</command>). If you have network access, you can also
|
||||||
install other editors — for instance, you can install Emacs by running
|
install other editors — for instance, you can install Emacs by running
|
||||||
<literal>nix-env -i emacs</literal>.
|
<literal>nix-env -i emacs</literal>.
|
||||||
</para>
|
|
||||||
<variablelist>
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>
|
|
||||||
BIOS systems
|
|
||||||
</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>
|
|
||||||
You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
|
|
||||||
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.device"/> to specify on which disk
|
|
||||||
the GRUB boot loader is to be installed. Without it, NixOS cannot boot.
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
<term>
|
|
||||||
UEFI systems
|
|
||||||
</term>
|
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
|
||||||
<para>
|
|
||||||
You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
|
|
||||||
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable"/> to
|
|
||||||
<literal>true</literal>. <command>nixos-generate-config</command> should
|
|
||||||
do this automatically for new configurations when booted in UEFI mode.
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
|
||||||
<para>
|
|
||||||
You may want to look at the options starting with
|
|
||||||
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables">boot.loader.efi</link></option>
|
|
||||||
and
|
|
||||||
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable">boot.loader.systemd</link></option>
|
|
||||||
as well.
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
|
||||||
</varlistentry>
|
|
||||||
</variablelist>
|
|
||||||
<para>
|
|
||||||
If there are other operating systems running on the machine before
|
|
||||||
installing NixOS, the <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.useOSProber"/>
|
|
||||||
option can be set to <literal>true</literal> to automatically add them to
|
|
||||||
the grub menu.
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
|
||||||
<para>
|
|
||||||
Another critical option is <option>fileSystems</option>, specifying the
|
|
||||||
file systems that need to be mounted by NixOS. However, you typically
|
|
||||||
don’t need to set it yourself, because
|
|
||||||
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> sets it automatically in
|
|
||||||
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename> from your
|
|
||||||
currently mounted file systems. (The configuration file
|
|
||||||
<filename>hardware-configuration.nix</filename> is included from
|
|
||||||
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> and will be overwritten by future
|
|
||||||
invocations of <command>nixos-generate-config</command>; thus, you
|
|
||||||
generally should not modify it.)
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
|
||||||
<note>
|
|
||||||
<para>
|
|
||||||
Depending on your hardware configuration or type of file system, you may
|
|
||||||
need to set the option <option>boot.initrd.kernelModules</option> to
|
|
||||||
include the kernel modules that are necessary for mounting the root file
|
|
||||||
system, otherwise the installed system will not be able to boot. (If this
|
|
||||||
happens, boot from the CD again, mount the target file system on
|
|
||||||
<filename>/mnt</filename>, fix
|
|
||||||
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and rerun
|
|
||||||
<filename>nixos-install</filename>.) In most cases,
|
|
||||||
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> will figure out the required
|
|
||||||
modules.
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
</note>
|
<variablelist>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
<varlistentry>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<term>
|
||||||
<para>
|
BIOS systems
|
||||||
Do the installation:
|
</term>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
|
||||||
|
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.device"/> to specify on which disk
|
||||||
|
the GRUB boot loader is to be installed. Without it, NixOS cannot boot.
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||||||
|
<varlistentry>
|
||||||
|
<term>
|
||||||
|
UEFI systems
|
||||||
|
</term>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
|
||||||
|
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable"/> to
|
||||||
|
<literal>true</literal>. <command>nixos-generate-config</command>
|
||||||
|
should do this automatically for new configurations when booted in UEFI
|
||||||
|
mode.
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
You may want to look at the options starting with
|
||||||
|
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables">boot.loader.efi</link></option>
|
||||||
|
and
|
||||||
|
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable">boot.loader.systemd</link></option>
|
||||||
|
as well.
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
</varlistentry>
|
||||||
|
</variablelist>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
If there are other operating systems running on the machine before
|
||||||
|
installing NixOS, the <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.useOSProber"/>
|
||||||
|
option can be set to <literal>true</literal> to automatically add them to
|
||||||
|
the grub menu.
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Another critical option is <option>fileSystems</option>, specifying the
|
||||||
|
file systems that need to be mounted by NixOS. However, you typically
|
||||||
|
don’t need to set it yourself, because
|
||||||
|
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> sets it automatically in
|
||||||
|
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename> from your
|
||||||
|
currently mounted file systems. (The configuration file
|
||||||
|
<filename>hardware-configuration.nix</filename> is included from
|
||||||
|
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> and will be overwritten by future
|
||||||
|
invocations of <command>nixos-generate-config</command>; thus, you
|
||||||
|
generally should not modify it.)
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
<note>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Depending on your hardware configuration or type of file system, you may
|
||||||
|
need to set the option <option>boot.initrd.kernelModules</option> to
|
||||||
|
include the kernel modules that are necessary for mounting the root file
|
||||||
|
system, otherwise the installed system will not be able to boot. (If this
|
||||||
|
happens, boot from the installation media again, mount the target file
|
||||||
|
system on <filename>/mnt</filename>, fix
|
||||||
|
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and rerun
|
||||||
|
<filename>nixos-install</filename>.) In most cases,
|
||||||
|
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> will figure out the required
|
||||||
|
modules.
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
</note>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
Do the installation:
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
# nixos-install</screen>
|
# nixos-install</screen>
|
||||||
Cross fingers. If this fails due to a temporary problem (such as a network
|
Cross fingers. If this fails due to a temporary problem (such as a network
|
||||||
issue while downloading binaries from the NixOS binary cache), you can just
|
issue while downloading binaries from the NixOS binary cache), you can
|
||||||
re-run <command>nixos-install</command>. Otherwise, fix your
|
just re-run <command>nixos-install</command>. Otherwise, fix your
|
||||||
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> and then re-run
|
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> and then re-run
|
||||||
<command>nixos-install</command>.
|
<command>nixos-install</command>.
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
As the last step, <command>nixos-install</command> will ask you to set the
|
As the last step, <command>nixos-install</command> will ask you to set the
|
||||||
password for the <literal>root</literal> user, e.g.
|
password for the <literal>root</literal> user, e.g.
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
setting root password...
|
setting root password...
|
||||||
Enter new UNIX password: ***
|
Enter new UNIX password: ***
|
||||||
Retype new UNIX password: ***
|
Retype new UNIX password: ***</screen>
|
||||||
</screen>
|
<note>
|
||||||
<note>
|
<para>
|
||||||
<para>
|
For unattended installations, it is possible to use
|
||||||
For unattended installations, it is possible to use
|
<command>nixos-install --no-root-passwd</command> in order to disable
|
||||||
<command>nixos-install --no-root-passwd</command> in order to disable the
|
the password prompt entirely.
|
||||||
password prompt entirely.
|
</para>
|
||||||
</para>
|
</note>
|
||||||
</note>
|
</para>
|
||||||
</para>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<para>
|
||||||
<para>
|
If everything went well:
|
||||||
If everything went well:
|
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
# reboot</screen>
|
# reboot</screen>
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
<listitem>
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
You should now be able to boot into the installed NixOS. The GRUB boot menu
|
You should now be able to boot into the installed NixOS. The GRUB boot
|
||||||
shows a list of <emphasis>available configurations</emphasis> (initially
|
menu shows a list of <emphasis>available configurations</emphasis>
|
||||||
just one). Every time you change the NixOS configuration (see
|
(initially just one). Every time you change the NixOS configuration (see
|
||||||
<link
|
<link
|
||||||
linkend="sec-changing-config">Changing Configuration</link>
|
linkend="sec-changing-config">Changing Configuration</link>
|
||||||
), a new item is added to the menu. This allows you to easily roll back to
|
), a new item is added to the menu. This allows you to easily roll back to
|
||||||
a previous configuration if something goes wrong.
|
a previous configuration if something goes wrong.
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
You should log in and change the <literal>root</literal> password with
|
You should log in and change the <literal>root</literal> password with
|
||||||
<command>passwd</command>.
|
<command>passwd</command>.
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
You’ll probably want to create some user accounts as well, which can be
|
You’ll probably want to create some user accounts as well, which can be
|
||||||
done with <command>useradd</command>:
|
done with <command>useradd</command>:
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
$ useradd -c 'Eelco Dolstra' -m eelco
|
$ useradd -c 'Eelco Dolstra' -m eelco
|
||||||
$ passwd eelco</screen>
|
$ passwd eelco</screen>
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
You may also want to install some software. For instance,
|
You may also want to install some software. For instance,
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
$ nix-env -qa \*</screen>
|
$ nix-env -qa \*</screen>
|
||||||
shows what packages are available, and
|
shows what packages are available, and
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
$ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
|
$ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
|
||||||
install the <literal>w3m</literal> browser.
|
install the <literal>w3m</literal> browser.
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
</listitem>
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
</orderedlist>
|
</orderedlist>
|
||||||
<para>
|
</section>
|
||||||
To summarise, <xref linkend="ex-install-sequence" /> shows a typical sequence
|
<section xml:id="sec-installation-summary">
|
||||||
of commands for installing NixOS on an empty hard drive (here
|
<title>Installation summary</title>
|
||||||
<filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
|
|
||||||
|
<para>
|
||||||
|
To summarise, <xref linkend="ex-install-sequence" /> shows a typical
|
||||||
|
sequence of commands for installing NixOS on an empty hard drive (here
|
||||||
|
<filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
|
||||||
/> shows a
|
/> shows a
|
||||||
corresponding configuration Nix expression.
|
corresponding configuration Nix expression.
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
<example xml:id='ex-install-sequence'>
|
|
||||||
<title>Commands for Installing NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename></title>
|
<example xml:id="ex-partition-scheme-MBR">
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<title>Example partition schemes for NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename> (MBR)</title>
|
||||||
# fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
|
<screen language="commands">
|
||||||
-- for UEFI systems only
|
# parted /dev/sda -- mklabel msdos
|
||||||
> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /boot)</lineannotation>
|
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap 1M 8GiB
|
||||||
> 3 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 3)</lineannotation>
|
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 8GiB -1s</screen>
|
||||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
|
</example>
|
||||||
> +512M # <lineannotation>(the size of the UEFI boot partition)</lineannotation>
|
|
||||||
> t # <lineannotation>(change the partition type ...)</lineannotation>
|
<example xml:id="ex-partition-scheme-UEFI">
|
||||||
> 3 # <lineannotation>(... of the boot partition ...)</lineannotation>
|
<title>Example partition schemes for NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename> (UEFI)</title>
|
||||||
> 1 # <lineannotation>(... to 'UEFI System')</lineannotation>
|
<screen language="commands">
|
||||||
-- for BIOS or UEFI systems
|
# parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt
|
||||||
> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /swap)</lineannotation>
|
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap 512MiB 8.5GiB
|
||||||
> 2 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 2)</lineannotation>
|
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 8.5GiB -1MiB
|
||||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
|
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart ESP fat32 1M 512MiB
|
||||||
> +8G # <lineannotation>(the size of the swap partition)</lineannotation>
|
# parted /dev/sda -- set 3 boot on</screen>
|
||||||
> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /)</lineannotation>
|
</example>
|
||||||
> 1 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 1)</lineannotation>
|
|
||||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
|
<example xml:id="ex-install-sequence">
|
||||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default and use the rest of the remaining space)</lineannotation>
|
<title>Commands for Installing NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename></title>
|
||||||
> a # <lineannotation>(make the partition bootable)</lineannotation>
|
<para>
|
||||||
> x # <lineannotation>(enter expert mode)</lineannotation>
|
With a partitioned disk.
|
||||||
> f # <lineannotation>(fix up the partition ordering)</lineannotation>
|
<screen language="commands">
|
||||||
> r # <lineannotation>(exit expert mode)</lineannotation>
|
|
||||||
> w # <lineannotation>(write the partition table to disk and exit)</lineannotation>
|
|
||||||
# mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
|
# mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
|
||||||
# mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
|
# mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
|
||||||
# swapon /dev/sda2
|
# swapon /dev/sda2
|
||||||
|
|
@ -416,9 +516,11 @@ $ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
|
||||||
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
||||||
# nixos-install
|
# nixos-install
|
||||||
# reboot</screen>
|
# reboot</screen>
|
||||||
</example>
|
</para>
|
||||||
<example xml:id='ex-config'>
|
</example>
|
||||||
<title>NixOS Configuration</title>
|
|
||||||
|
<example xml:id='ex-config'>
|
||||||
|
<title>NixOS Configuration</title>
|
||||||
<screen>
|
<screen>
|
||||||
{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
|
{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
|
||||||
imports = [
|
imports = [
|
||||||
|
|
@ -438,10 +540,19 @@ $ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
|
||||||
services.sshd.enable = true;
|
services.sshd.enable = true;
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
</screen>
|
</screen>
|
||||||
</example>
|
</example>
|
||||||
<xi:include href="installing-usb.xml" />
|
</section>
|
||||||
<xi:include href="installing-pxe.xml" />
|
<section xml:id="sec-installation-additional-notes">
|
||||||
<xi:include href="installing-virtualbox-guest.xml" />
|
<title>Additional installation notes</title>
|
||||||
<xi:include href="installing-from-other-distro.xml" />
|
|
||||||
<xi:include href="installing-behind-a-proxy.xml" />
|
<xi:include href="installing-usb.xml" />
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<xi:include href="installing-pxe.xml" />
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<xi:include href="installing-virtualbox-guest.xml" />
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<xi:include href="installing-from-other-distro.xml" />
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<xi:include href="installing-behind-a-proxy.xml" />
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
</chapter>
|
</chapter>
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue