nixos: nixos/doc/manual/configuration/customizing-packages.xml to CommonMark
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Bobby Rong
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4 changed files with 165 additions and 87 deletions
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# Customising Packages {#sec-customising-packages}
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Some packages in Nixpkgs have options to enable or disable optional
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functionality or change other aspects of the package. For instance, the
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Firefox wrapper package (which provides Firefox with a set of plugins
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such as the Adobe Flash player) has an option to enable the Google Talk
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plugin. It can be set in `configuration.nix` as follows:
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`nixpkgs.config.firefox.enableGoogleTalkPlugin = true;`
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::: {.warning}
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Unfortunately, Nixpkgs currently lacks a way to query available
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configuration options.
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:::
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Apart from high-level options, it's possible to tweak a package in
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almost arbitrary ways, such as changing or disabling dependencies of a
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package. For instance, the Emacs package in Nixpkgs by default has a
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dependency on GTK 2. If you want to build it against GTK 3, you can
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specify that as follows:
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```nix
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environment.systemPackages = [ (pkgs.emacs.override { gtk = pkgs.gtk3; }) ];
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```
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The function `override` performs the call to the Nix function that
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produces Emacs, with the original arguments amended by the set of
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arguments specified by you. So here the function argument `gtk` gets the
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value `pkgs.gtk3`, causing Emacs to depend on GTK 3. (The parentheses
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are necessary because in Nix, function application binds more weakly
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than list construction, so without them,
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[`environment.systemPackages`](options.html#opt-environment.systemPackages)
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would be a list with two elements.)
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Even greater customisation is possible using the function
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`overrideAttrs`. While the `override` mechanism above overrides the
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arguments of a package function, `overrideAttrs` allows changing the
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*attributes* passed to `mkDerivation`. This permits changing any aspect
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of the package, such as the source code. For instance, if you want to
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override the source code of Emacs, you can say:
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```nix
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environment.systemPackages = [
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(pkgs.emacs.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: {
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name = "emacs-25.0-pre";
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src = /path/to/my/emacs/tree;
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}))
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];
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```
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Here, `overrideAttrs` takes the Nix derivation specified by `pkgs.emacs`
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and produces a new derivation in which the original's `name` and `src`
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attribute have been replaced by the given values by re-calling
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`stdenv.mkDerivation`. The original attributes are accessible via the
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function argument, which is conventionally named `oldAttrs`.
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The overrides shown above are not global. They do not affect the
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original package; other packages in Nixpkgs continue to depend on the
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original rather than the customised package. This means that if another
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package in your system depends on the original package, you end up with
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two instances of the package. If you want to have everything depend on
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your customised instance, you can apply a *global* override as follows:
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```nix
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nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides = pkgs:
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{ emacs = pkgs.emacs.override { gtk = pkgs.gtk3; };
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};
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```
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The effect of this definition is essentially equivalent to modifying the
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`emacs` attribute in the Nixpkgs source tree. Any package in Nixpkgs
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that depends on `emacs` will be passed your customised instance.
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(However, the value `pkgs.emacs` in `nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides`
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refers to the original rather than overridden instance, to prevent an
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infinite recursion.)
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@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="sec-customising-packages">
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<title>Customising Packages</title>
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<para>
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Some packages in Nixpkgs have options to enable or disable optional
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functionality or change other aspects of the package. For instance, the
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Firefox wrapper package (which provides Firefox with a set of plugins such as
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the Adobe Flash player) has an option to enable the Google Talk plugin. It
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can be set in <filename>configuration.nix</filename> as follows: <filename>
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nixpkgs.config.firefox.enableGoogleTalkPlugin = true; </filename>
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</para>
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<warning>
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<para>
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Unfortunately, Nixpkgs currently lacks a way to query available
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configuration options.
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</para>
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</warning>
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<para>
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Apart from high-level options, it’s possible to tweak a package in almost
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arbitrary ways, such as changing or disabling dependencies of a package. For
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instance, the Emacs package in Nixpkgs by default has a dependency on GTK 2.
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If you want to build it against GTK 3, you can specify that as follows:
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<programlisting>
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<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [ (pkgs.emacs.override { gtk = pkgs.gtk3; }) ];
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</programlisting>
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The function <varname>override</varname> performs the call to the Nix
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function that produces Emacs, with the original arguments amended by the set
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of arguments specified by you. So here the function argument
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<varname>gtk</varname> gets the value <literal>pkgs.gtk3</literal>, causing
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Emacs to depend on GTK 3. (The parentheses are necessary because in Nix,
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function application binds more weakly than list construction, so without
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them, <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> would be a list with
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two elements.)
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</para>
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<para>
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Even greater customisation is possible using the function
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<varname>overrideAttrs</varname>. While the <varname>override</varname>
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mechanism above overrides the arguments of a package function,
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<varname>overrideAttrs</varname> allows changing the
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<emphasis>attributes</emphasis> passed to <literal>mkDerivation</literal>.
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This permits changing any aspect of the package, such as the source code. For
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instance, if you want to override the source code of Emacs, you can say:
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<programlisting>
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<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [
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(pkgs.emacs.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: {
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name = "emacs-25.0-pre";
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src = /path/to/my/emacs/tree;
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}))
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];
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</programlisting>
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Here, <varname>overrideAttrs</varname> takes the Nix derivation specified by
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<varname>pkgs.emacs</varname> and produces a new derivation in which the
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original’s <literal>name</literal> and <literal>src</literal> attribute
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have been replaced by the given values by re-calling
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<literal>stdenv.mkDerivation</literal>. The original attributes are
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accessible via the function argument, which is conventionally named
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<varname>oldAttrs</varname>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The overrides shown above are not global. They do not affect the original
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package; other packages in Nixpkgs continue to depend on the original rather
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than the customised package. This means that if another package in your
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system depends on the original package, you end up with two instances of the
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package. If you want to have everything depend on your customised instance,
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you can apply a <emphasis>global</emphasis> override as follows:
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<screen>
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nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides = pkgs:
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{ emacs = pkgs.emacs.override { gtk = pkgs.gtk3; };
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};
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</screen>
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The effect of this definition is essentially equivalent to modifying the
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<literal>emacs</literal> attribute in the Nixpkgs source tree. Any package in
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Nixpkgs that depends on <literal>emacs</literal> will be passed your
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customised instance. (However, the value <literal>pkgs.emacs</literal> in
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<varname>nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides</varname> refers to the original
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rather than overridden instance, to prevent an infinite recursion.)
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</para>
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</section>
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@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ nixos.firefox firefox-23.0 Mozilla Firefox - the browser, reloaded
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<command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="customizing-packages.xml" />
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<xi:include href="../from_md/configuration/customizing-packages.section.xml" />
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<xi:include href="../from_md/configuration/adding-custom-packages.section.xml" />
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</section>
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@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:id="sec-customising-packages">
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<title>Customising Packages</title>
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<para>
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Some packages in Nixpkgs have options to enable or disable optional
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functionality or change other aspects of the package. For instance,
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the Firefox wrapper package (which provides Firefox with a set of
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plugins such as the Adobe Flash player) has an option to enable the
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Google Talk plugin. It can be set in
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<literal>configuration.nix</literal> as follows:
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<literal>nixpkgs.config.firefox.enableGoogleTalkPlugin = true;</literal>
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</para>
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<warning>
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<para>
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Unfortunately, Nixpkgs currently lacks a way to query available
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configuration options.
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</para>
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</warning>
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<para>
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Apart from high-level options, it’s possible to tweak a package in
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almost arbitrary ways, such as changing or disabling dependencies of
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a package. For instance, the Emacs package in Nixpkgs by default has
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a dependency on GTK 2. If you want to build it against GTK 3, you
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can specify that as follows:
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</para>
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<programlisting language="bash">
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environment.systemPackages = [ (pkgs.emacs.override { gtk = pkgs.gtk3; }) ];
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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The function <literal>override</literal> performs the call to the
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Nix function that produces Emacs, with the original arguments
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amended by the set of arguments specified by you. So here the
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function argument <literal>gtk</literal> gets the value
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<literal>pkgs.gtk3</literal>, causing Emacs to depend on GTK 3. (The
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parentheses are necessary because in Nix, function application binds
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more weakly than list construction, so without them,
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<link xlink:href="options.html#opt-environment.systemPackages"><literal>environment.systemPackages</literal></link>
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would be a list with two elements.)
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</para>
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<para>
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Even greater customisation is possible using the function
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<literal>overrideAttrs</literal>. While the
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<literal>override</literal> mechanism above overrides the arguments
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of a package function, <literal>overrideAttrs</literal> allows
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changing the <emphasis>attributes</emphasis> passed to
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<literal>mkDerivation</literal>. This permits changing any aspect of
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the package, such as the source code. For instance, if you want to
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override the source code of Emacs, you can say:
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</para>
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<programlisting language="bash">
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environment.systemPackages = [
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(pkgs.emacs.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: {
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name = "emacs-25.0-pre";
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src = /path/to/my/emacs/tree;
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}))
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];
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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Here, <literal>overrideAttrs</literal> takes the Nix derivation
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specified by <literal>pkgs.emacs</literal> and produces a new
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derivation in which the original’s <literal>name</literal> and
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<literal>src</literal> attribute have been replaced by the given
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values by re-calling <literal>stdenv.mkDerivation</literal>. The
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original attributes are accessible via the function argument, which
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is conventionally named <literal>oldAttrs</literal>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The overrides shown above are not global. They do not affect the
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original package; other packages in Nixpkgs continue to depend on
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the original rather than the customised package. This means that if
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another package in your system depends on the original package, you
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end up with two instances of the package. If you want to have
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everything depend on your customised instance, you can apply a
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<emphasis>global</emphasis> override as follows:
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</para>
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<programlisting language="bash">
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nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides = pkgs:
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{ emacs = pkgs.emacs.override { gtk = pkgs.gtk3; };
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};
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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The effect of this definition is essentially equivalent to modifying
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the <literal>emacs</literal> attribute in the Nixpkgs source tree.
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Any package in Nixpkgs that depends on <literal>emacs</literal> will
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be passed your customised instance. (However, the value
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<literal>pkgs.emacs</literal> in
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<literal>nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides</literal> refers to the
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original rather than overridden instance, to prevent an infinite
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recursion.)
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</para>
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</section>
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